PN4003 Final Review UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Hypovolemic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER - A condition in which low blood volume,
due to massive internal or external bleeding or extensive loss of body water, results in inadequate
perfusion.
Causes of Hypovolemic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER - Severe bleeding, dehydration,
burns, diuretic therapy.
Class I Hypovolemic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER - 0-15% fluid loss; stable BP, slight
tachycardia.
Class II Hypovolemic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER - 15-30% fluid loss; tachycardia,
cool skin.
Class III Hypovolemic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER - 30-40% fluid loss; hypotension,
confusion, oliguria.
Class IV Hypovolemic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER - >40% fluid loss; hypotension,
unconsciousness, extreme weakness.
Nursing Management for Hypovolemic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER - FLUID
ADMINISTRATION (blood products, isotonic crystalloid solutions, colloid solutions)
Oxygen
Vasoconstrictors
Surgery
Crystalloids - CORRECT ANSWER - water-soluble solutions of electrolytes and fluids
that are used to help maintain the body's fluid balance
(NS, isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic)
,Cardiogenic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER - Heart fails to pump sufficient blood.
Nursing Management for Cardiogenic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Raise HOB
2. Provide Oxygen
3. Vitals, cardiac monitor
4. PIV, labs, EKG, chest xray
5. Administer medications
6. Prep for procedure, if necessary
7. Enhance safety and comfort
Septic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER - Shock due to widespread bacterial infections.
Risk Factors for Septic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER - Immunosuppressive therapy,
burns, advanced age.
Hyperdynamic Phase of Septic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER - Warm skin, tachycardia,
normal or elevated BP.
Hypodynamic Phase of Septic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER - Cold skin, weak pulse,
hypotension, oliguria.
Nursing Management for Septic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER - Administer antibiotics,
monitor vital signs.
Neurogenic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER - Shock from spinal cord injury or damage.
Signs of Neurogenic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER - Low BP, bradycardia, decreased
urine output.
, Anaphylactic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER - Severe allergic reaction causing
vasodilation.
Signs of Anaphylactic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER - Anxiety, dyspnea, GI cramps,
hives, edema.
Epinephrine - CORRECT ANSWER - First-line treatment for anaphylactic shock.
Common Medications for Shock - CORRECT ANSWER - Inotropes: Increase the heart's
ability to pump (e.g., dopamine, dobutamine).
Antibiotics: Broad-spectrum antibiotics for septic shock (e.g., piperacillin-tazobactam).
Vasopressors: For low blood pressure (e.g., norepinephrine, phenylephrine).
Epinephrine: For anaphylactic shock, administered via EpiPen or IV in severe cases.
Antihistamines and Corticosteroids: For allergic reactions.
Cations - CORRECT ANSWER - Positive ions in body fluids, e.g., Na+, K+.
Anions - CORRECT ANSWER - Negative ions in body fluids, e.g., Cl-, HCO3-.
Hyponatremia - CORRECT ANSWER - Low sodium level < 135 mEq/L.
limit fluids and increase dietary sodium
Hypernatremia - CORRECT ANSWER - High sodium level > 145 mEq/L.
replace fluids (IV or Oral)
Hypokalemia - CORRECT ANSWER - Low potassium level < 3.5 mEq/L.
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Hypovolemic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER - A condition in which low blood volume,
due to massive internal or external bleeding or extensive loss of body water, results in inadequate
perfusion.
Causes of Hypovolemic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER - Severe bleeding, dehydration,
burns, diuretic therapy.
Class I Hypovolemic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER - 0-15% fluid loss; stable BP, slight
tachycardia.
Class II Hypovolemic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER - 15-30% fluid loss; tachycardia,
cool skin.
Class III Hypovolemic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER - 30-40% fluid loss; hypotension,
confusion, oliguria.
Class IV Hypovolemic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER - >40% fluid loss; hypotension,
unconsciousness, extreme weakness.
Nursing Management for Hypovolemic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER - FLUID
ADMINISTRATION (blood products, isotonic crystalloid solutions, colloid solutions)
Oxygen
Vasoconstrictors
Surgery
Crystalloids - CORRECT ANSWER - water-soluble solutions of electrolytes and fluids
that are used to help maintain the body's fluid balance
(NS, isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic)
,Cardiogenic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER - Heart fails to pump sufficient blood.
Nursing Management for Cardiogenic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Raise HOB
2. Provide Oxygen
3. Vitals, cardiac monitor
4. PIV, labs, EKG, chest xray
5. Administer medications
6. Prep for procedure, if necessary
7. Enhance safety and comfort
Septic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER - Shock due to widespread bacterial infections.
Risk Factors for Septic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER - Immunosuppressive therapy,
burns, advanced age.
Hyperdynamic Phase of Septic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER - Warm skin, tachycardia,
normal or elevated BP.
Hypodynamic Phase of Septic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER - Cold skin, weak pulse,
hypotension, oliguria.
Nursing Management for Septic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER - Administer antibiotics,
monitor vital signs.
Neurogenic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER - Shock from spinal cord injury or damage.
Signs of Neurogenic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER - Low BP, bradycardia, decreased
urine output.
, Anaphylactic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER - Severe allergic reaction causing
vasodilation.
Signs of Anaphylactic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER - Anxiety, dyspnea, GI cramps,
hives, edema.
Epinephrine - CORRECT ANSWER - First-line treatment for anaphylactic shock.
Common Medications for Shock - CORRECT ANSWER - Inotropes: Increase the heart's
ability to pump (e.g., dopamine, dobutamine).
Antibiotics: Broad-spectrum antibiotics for septic shock (e.g., piperacillin-tazobactam).
Vasopressors: For low blood pressure (e.g., norepinephrine, phenylephrine).
Epinephrine: For anaphylactic shock, administered via EpiPen or IV in severe cases.
Antihistamines and Corticosteroids: For allergic reactions.
Cations - CORRECT ANSWER - Positive ions in body fluids, e.g., Na+, K+.
Anions - CORRECT ANSWER - Negative ions in body fluids, e.g., Cl-, HCO3-.
Hyponatremia - CORRECT ANSWER - Low sodium level < 135 mEq/L.
limit fluids and increase dietary sodium
Hypernatremia - CORRECT ANSWER - High sodium level > 145 mEq/L.
replace fluids (IV or Oral)
Hypokalemia - CORRECT ANSWER - Low potassium level < 3.5 mEq/L.
