WCU Pathophysiology 370 Final Exam Study
Guide Questions with Detailed Verified Answers
latent Ans: Time between exposure and when symptoms appear.
Prodromal Ans: early symptoms that may indicate the onset of a condition or disease
endemic Ans: (adj.) native or confined to a particular region or people; characteristic
of or prevalent in a field
subclinical Ans: without showing signs of disease
Primary prevention examples Ans: immunizations, pollution control, nutrition,
exercise
Allostasis Ans: process by which the body achieves stability through physiological
change
Hormones secreted during stress response Ans: Catecholamines: epinephrine and
norepinephrine
Glucocorticoids: cortisol and aldosterone
Others: endorphins(reduce pain), enkephalins, immune cytokines(enhance pain)
Selye's Three Phases of Stress Response Ans: alarm reaction, resistance, exhaustion
Symphathetic Nervous system mediated by Ans: Norepinephrine
intracellular accumulations Ans: 1. Excessive amounts of normal intracellular
substances such as fat.
2. Accumulation of abnormal substance produced by the cell because of faulty
metabolism or synthesis.
3. Accumulation of pigments and particles that the cell is unable to degrade.
,Atrophy Ans: cell shrink and reduce their differentiated functions in response to
variety of normal and injurious factors.
Hypertrophy Ans: increase in cell size followed by augmented functional capacity
Hyperplasia Ans: increase in number of cells
Metaplasia Ans: Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type
Dysplasia Ans: abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs
necrosis Ans: cell death due to injury
Coagulative necrosis Ans: Cell proteins are altered or denatured - coagulation
liquefactive necrosis Ans: -Dissolution of dead cells occur quickly
-Lysosomal enzymes dissolves tissues
Brain
-Rich in degradative enzymes, little supportive connective tissue
Bacterial or fungal infections
-Trigger accumulation of localized WBC
-Pus
Fat necrosis Ans: •Death of adipose tissue
•Results from trauma or pancreatitis
-Liquefy fat cells in peritoneum
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, •Visible white chalky areas
caseous necrosis Ans: degeneration and death of tissue with a cheese-like appearance
Apoptosis Ans: programmed cell death
Side effects of chemotherapy include Ans: anemia, nausea, bleeding, and infections
Cancer terminology Ans: oma, carcinoma, and sarcoma
oma Ans: tumor, mass
carcinoma Ans: cancerous tumor
sarcoma Ans: malignant tumor of connective tissue
Grading Ans: a method for evaluating a tumor based on microscopic examination of
the cells
Staging Ans: the process of classifying tumors with respect to how far the disease has
progressed, the potential for its responding to therapy, and the patient's prognosis
Deficits in immune system function in cancer: Ans: chemotherapy, cancer cells, cancer
metastasis to bone marrow, and malnutrition
Tumor marker functions Ans: produced by normal cells, help determine cancer origin,
help identify progression of cancer, and include prostatic-specific antigen
Type 1 hypersensitivity Ans: IgE mediated hypersensitivity
Ex: Allergies
Type 2 hypersensitivity Ans: IgG or IgM autoantibody directed against cells
i.e Hemolytic anemia
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Guide Questions with Detailed Verified Answers
latent Ans: Time between exposure and when symptoms appear.
Prodromal Ans: early symptoms that may indicate the onset of a condition or disease
endemic Ans: (adj.) native or confined to a particular region or people; characteristic
of or prevalent in a field
subclinical Ans: without showing signs of disease
Primary prevention examples Ans: immunizations, pollution control, nutrition,
exercise
Allostasis Ans: process by which the body achieves stability through physiological
change
Hormones secreted during stress response Ans: Catecholamines: epinephrine and
norepinephrine
Glucocorticoids: cortisol and aldosterone
Others: endorphins(reduce pain), enkephalins, immune cytokines(enhance pain)
Selye's Three Phases of Stress Response Ans: alarm reaction, resistance, exhaustion
Symphathetic Nervous system mediated by Ans: Norepinephrine
intracellular accumulations Ans: 1. Excessive amounts of normal intracellular
substances such as fat.
2. Accumulation of abnormal substance produced by the cell because of faulty
metabolism or synthesis.
3. Accumulation of pigments and particles that the cell is unable to degrade.
,Atrophy Ans: cell shrink and reduce their differentiated functions in response to
variety of normal and injurious factors.
Hypertrophy Ans: increase in cell size followed by augmented functional capacity
Hyperplasia Ans: increase in number of cells
Metaplasia Ans: Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type
Dysplasia Ans: abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs
necrosis Ans: cell death due to injury
Coagulative necrosis Ans: Cell proteins are altered or denatured - coagulation
liquefactive necrosis Ans: -Dissolution of dead cells occur quickly
-Lysosomal enzymes dissolves tissues
Brain
-Rich in degradative enzymes, little supportive connective tissue
Bacterial or fungal infections
-Trigger accumulation of localized WBC
-Pus
Fat necrosis Ans: •Death of adipose tissue
•Results from trauma or pancreatitis
-Liquefy fat cells in peritoneum
© Get it right 2025 Getaway - Stuvia US All rights reserved
, •Visible white chalky areas
caseous necrosis Ans: degeneration and death of tissue with a cheese-like appearance
Apoptosis Ans: programmed cell death
Side effects of chemotherapy include Ans: anemia, nausea, bleeding, and infections
Cancer terminology Ans: oma, carcinoma, and sarcoma
oma Ans: tumor, mass
carcinoma Ans: cancerous tumor
sarcoma Ans: malignant tumor of connective tissue
Grading Ans: a method for evaluating a tumor based on microscopic examination of
the cells
Staging Ans: the process of classifying tumors with respect to how far the disease has
progressed, the potential for its responding to therapy, and the patient's prognosis
Deficits in immune system function in cancer: Ans: chemotherapy, cancer cells, cancer
metastasis to bone marrow, and malnutrition
Tumor marker functions Ans: produced by normal cells, help determine cancer origin,
help identify progression of cancer, and include prostatic-specific antigen
Type 1 hypersensitivity Ans: IgE mediated hypersensitivity
Ex: Allergies
Type 2 hypersensitivity Ans: IgG or IgM autoantibody directed against cells
i.e Hemolytic anemia
© Get it right 2025 Getaway - Stuvia US All rights reserved
