NR 565 - advanced pharmacology midterm -
Chamberlain Questions with Detailed Verified
Answers
During what trimester is a pregnant woman most at risk for adverse drug reactions
with potential long term consequences? Ans: 1st trimester (fetus most at risk d/t rapid
growth)
What is BEERS criteria? Ans: Recommendations of medications inappropriate for
elderly (65 and older), prescriber ultimately decides
What is the CYP450 (cytochrome P450) Ans: liver enzyme system where medications
are metabolized, can either be inducers or inhibitors and create drug-drug interactions
CYP450 inducers Ans: Speed up metabolism of drugs (drug is cleared faster), drug has
lesser effect (decrease blood levels of drug), elevate CYP450 enzymes
CYP450 inducers pneumonic Ans: "Bullshit Crap GPS INDUCES rage"
CYP450 inducer drug names Ans: Barbituates, St John wort, Carbamazepine, rifampin,
alcohol, phenytoin, griseofulvin, phenobarbital, sulfonylureas
CYP450 inhibitors Ans: inhibit metabolism, increase blood levels of medications
CYP450 pneumonic Ans: "VISA credit card debt INHIBITS spending on designers like
CK to look GQ"
CYP450 inhibitors drug names Ans: Valproate, isoniazid, sulfonamides, amiodarone,
chloramphenicol, ketoconazole, grapefruit juice, quinidine
Physiological changes during pregnancy that impact pharmacodynamics and
pharmacokinetic properties of drugs? Ans: increase glomerular filtration rate leads to
increase durg excretion
increase hepatic metabolism
,decrease tone and motility of bowel
increase drug absorption
Examples of medications that can be teratogenic Ans: Antiepileptic drugs,
antimicrobials such as tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, vitamin A in large doses,
some anticoagulants, and hormonal medications such as diethylstilbestrol (DES).
How is absorption of intramuscular medications different in neonates? Ans: slow and
erratic due to low blood flow in muscles first few days of life
Why is absorption of medication in the stomach increased in infancy? Ans: delayed
gastric emptying
Some medications that should be avoided in the pediatric patient? Ans:
glucocorticoids, discoloration of developing teeth with tetracyclines, and kernicterus
with sulfonamides, levofloxacin (antibiotics)
aspirin (Severe intoxication from acute overdose)
what should be included in medication administration patient education? Ans: dosage
size and timing
route and technique of administration
duration of treatment
drug storage
nature and time course of desired responses
nature and time course of adverse responses
finish taking antibiotic
© Get it right 2025 Getaway - Stuvia US All rights reserved
,What are some things that put the elderly patient at higher risk for adverse drug
reactions? Ans: reduced renal function
polypharmacy (the use of five or more medications daily)
greater severity of illness
presence of comorbidities
use of drugs that have a low therapeutic index (e.g., digoxin)
increased individual variation secondary to altered pharmacokinetics
inadequate supervision of long-term therapy
poor patient adherence
How can healthcare providers decrease likelihood of an elderly patient experiencing an
adverse drug reaction? Ans: obtaining a thorough drug history that includes over-the-
counter medications
considering pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics changes due to age
monitoring the patient's clinical response and plasma drug levels
using the simplest regimen possible
monitoring for drug-drug interactions and iatrogenic illness
periodically reviewing the need for continued drug therapy
encouraging the patient to dispose of old medications
taking steps to promote adherence and to avoid drugs on the Beers list
© Get it right 2025 Getaway - Stuvia US All rights reserved
, How can we promote medication adherence with elderly patients? Ans: simplifying
drug regimens
providing clear and concise verbal and written instructions
using an appropriate dosage form
clearly labeling and dispensing easy-to-open containers
developing daily reminders
monitoring frequently
affordability of drugs
support systems
Why do nitrates need to be taken no later than 4 PM? Ans: Need nitrate free interval
so tolerance doesn't develop
Nine factors that impact outcome of medication? Ans: Gender and race
Genetics and pharmacogenomics
Variability in absorption
placebo effect
Tolerance
patho
age
bodyweight
© Get it right 2025 Getaway - Stuvia US All rights reserved
Chamberlain Questions with Detailed Verified
Answers
During what trimester is a pregnant woman most at risk for adverse drug reactions
with potential long term consequences? Ans: 1st trimester (fetus most at risk d/t rapid
growth)
What is BEERS criteria? Ans: Recommendations of medications inappropriate for
elderly (65 and older), prescriber ultimately decides
What is the CYP450 (cytochrome P450) Ans: liver enzyme system where medications
are metabolized, can either be inducers or inhibitors and create drug-drug interactions
CYP450 inducers Ans: Speed up metabolism of drugs (drug is cleared faster), drug has
lesser effect (decrease blood levels of drug), elevate CYP450 enzymes
CYP450 inducers pneumonic Ans: "Bullshit Crap GPS INDUCES rage"
CYP450 inducer drug names Ans: Barbituates, St John wort, Carbamazepine, rifampin,
alcohol, phenytoin, griseofulvin, phenobarbital, sulfonylureas
CYP450 inhibitors Ans: inhibit metabolism, increase blood levels of medications
CYP450 pneumonic Ans: "VISA credit card debt INHIBITS spending on designers like
CK to look GQ"
CYP450 inhibitors drug names Ans: Valproate, isoniazid, sulfonamides, amiodarone,
chloramphenicol, ketoconazole, grapefruit juice, quinidine
Physiological changes during pregnancy that impact pharmacodynamics and
pharmacokinetic properties of drugs? Ans: increase glomerular filtration rate leads to
increase durg excretion
increase hepatic metabolism
,decrease tone and motility of bowel
increase drug absorption
Examples of medications that can be teratogenic Ans: Antiepileptic drugs,
antimicrobials such as tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, vitamin A in large doses,
some anticoagulants, and hormonal medications such as diethylstilbestrol (DES).
How is absorption of intramuscular medications different in neonates? Ans: slow and
erratic due to low blood flow in muscles first few days of life
Why is absorption of medication in the stomach increased in infancy? Ans: delayed
gastric emptying
Some medications that should be avoided in the pediatric patient? Ans:
glucocorticoids, discoloration of developing teeth with tetracyclines, and kernicterus
with sulfonamides, levofloxacin (antibiotics)
aspirin (Severe intoxication from acute overdose)
what should be included in medication administration patient education? Ans: dosage
size and timing
route and technique of administration
duration of treatment
drug storage
nature and time course of desired responses
nature and time course of adverse responses
finish taking antibiotic
© Get it right 2025 Getaway - Stuvia US All rights reserved
,What are some things that put the elderly patient at higher risk for adverse drug
reactions? Ans: reduced renal function
polypharmacy (the use of five or more medications daily)
greater severity of illness
presence of comorbidities
use of drugs that have a low therapeutic index (e.g., digoxin)
increased individual variation secondary to altered pharmacokinetics
inadequate supervision of long-term therapy
poor patient adherence
How can healthcare providers decrease likelihood of an elderly patient experiencing an
adverse drug reaction? Ans: obtaining a thorough drug history that includes over-the-
counter medications
considering pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics changes due to age
monitoring the patient's clinical response and plasma drug levels
using the simplest regimen possible
monitoring for drug-drug interactions and iatrogenic illness
periodically reviewing the need for continued drug therapy
encouraging the patient to dispose of old medications
taking steps to promote adherence and to avoid drugs on the Beers list
© Get it right 2025 Getaway - Stuvia US All rights reserved
, How can we promote medication adherence with elderly patients? Ans: simplifying
drug regimens
providing clear and concise verbal and written instructions
using an appropriate dosage form
clearly labeling and dispensing easy-to-open containers
developing daily reminders
monitoring frequently
affordability of drugs
support systems
Why do nitrates need to be taken no later than 4 PM? Ans: Need nitrate free interval
so tolerance doesn't develop
Nine factors that impact outcome of medication? Ans: Gender and race
Genetics and pharmacogenomics
Variability in absorption
placebo effect
Tolerance
patho
age
bodyweight
© Get it right 2025 Getaway - Stuvia US All rights reserved
