BIO 242 - Exam 1 (final) | Updated for
2025/2026 First-Attempt Exam Success
Which of the following diseases is directly related to demyelination?
a. cerebral palsy
b. lupus
c. multiple sclerosis
d. muscular dystrophy - {answer}-c. multiple sclerosis
Myelin is formed in the CNS by ______.
a. Schwann cells
b. epindymal cells
c. oligodendrocytes
d. astrocytes - {answer}-c. oligodendrocytes
Saltatory conduction is made possible by _______.
a. the myelin sheath
b. large nerve fibers
c. diphasic impulses
d. erratic transmission of nerve impulses - {answer}-a. myelin sheath
A neuron that has as its primary function the job of connecting other neurons
is called a(n) ________.
,a. glial cell
b. efferent neuron
c. afferent neuron
d. interneuron - {answer}-d. interneuron
The peripheral nervous system contains _______.
a. 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves
b. the brain and cranial nerves
c. 12 pairs of spinal nerves and 31 pairs of cranial nerves
d. the spinal cord and spinal nerves - {answer}-a. 12 pairs of cranial nerves and
31 pairs of spinal nerves
Preparing the body for the "fight-or-flight" response is the role of the ______.
a. cerebrum
b. somatic nervous system
c. parasympathetic division
d. sympathetic division - {answer}-d. sympathetic division
Which criterion is used to structurally classify neurons?
a. whether the neurons are found within the CNS or the PNS
b. the number of processes extending from their cell body
c. whether the nerve fibers are myelinated or not
d. the direction the nerve impulse travels relative to the central nervous
system - {answer}-b. the number of processes extending from their cell body
Which of the choices below describes the ANS?
a. motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle,
cardiac muscles, and glands
b. sensory neurons that convey information from somatic receptors in the
head, body wall, and limbs and from receptors from the special senses of
vision, hearing, taste, and smell to the CNS
c. motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles
,d. sensory and motor neurons that supply the digestive tract - {answer}-a.
motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle,
cardiac muscle, and glands
Which neurotransmitter is released by all somatic motor neurons?
a. epinephrine
b. norepinephrine
c. endorphins
d. acetylcholine - {answer}-d. acetylcholine
Which of the following is NOT a result of parasympathetic stimulation?
a. salivation
b. increased digestive activity
c. dilation of the pupils
d. elimination of urine - {answer}-c. dilation of the pupils
The action potential travels faster on axons that are ______.
a. smaller and unmyelinated
b. smaller and myelinated
c. larger and unmyelinated
d. larger and myelinated - {answer}-d. larger and myelinated
________ sensory fibers convey information like touch or pain from skin,
skeletal muscles, and joints to the CNS.
a. sympathetic
b. visceral
c. somatic
d. autonomic - {answer}-c. somatic
The "resting and digesting" division of the autonomic nervous system is the
_______.
a. peripheral division
, b. parasympathetic division
c. somatic division
d. sympathetic division - {answer}-b. parasympathetic division
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of neurons?
a. they conduct impulses
b. they have extreme longevity
c. they are mitotic
d. they have an exceptionally high metabolic rate - {answer}-c. they are mitotic
Which of the following describes the nervous system integrative function?
a. senses changes in the environment
b. analyzes sensory information, stored information, makes decisions
c. responds to stimuli by gland secretion or muscle contraction - {answer}-b.
analyzes sensory information, stored information, makes decisions
When a neurotransmitter like acetylcholine is acting in an excitatory manner
which of the following is likely a result of the acetylcholine acting on the post
synaptic cell?
a. chemically gated potassium channels will open
b. chemically gated chloride channels will open
c. chemically gated sodium channels will open
d. chemically gated sodium channels will be closed - {answer}-c. chemically
gated sodium channels will open
Dense collections of myelinated fibers makes up the ______ regions of the
CNS.
a. white matter
b. cerebral cortex
c. gray matter
d. gray commissure - {answer}-a. white matter
2025/2026 First-Attempt Exam Success
Which of the following diseases is directly related to demyelination?
a. cerebral palsy
b. lupus
c. multiple sclerosis
d. muscular dystrophy - {answer}-c. multiple sclerosis
Myelin is formed in the CNS by ______.
a. Schwann cells
b. epindymal cells
c. oligodendrocytes
d. astrocytes - {answer}-c. oligodendrocytes
Saltatory conduction is made possible by _______.
a. the myelin sheath
b. large nerve fibers
c. diphasic impulses
d. erratic transmission of nerve impulses - {answer}-a. myelin sheath
A neuron that has as its primary function the job of connecting other neurons
is called a(n) ________.
,a. glial cell
b. efferent neuron
c. afferent neuron
d. interneuron - {answer}-d. interneuron
The peripheral nervous system contains _______.
a. 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves
b. the brain and cranial nerves
c. 12 pairs of spinal nerves and 31 pairs of cranial nerves
d. the spinal cord and spinal nerves - {answer}-a. 12 pairs of cranial nerves and
31 pairs of spinal nerves
Preparing the body for the "fight-or-flight" response is the role of the ______.
a. cerebrum
b. somatic nervous system
c. parasympathetic division
d. sympathetic division - {answer}-d. sympathetic division
Which criterion is used to structurally classify neurons?
a. whether the neurons are found within the CNS or the PNS
b. the number of processes extending from their cell body
c. whether the nerve fibers are myelinated or not
d. the direction the nerve impulse travels relative to the central nervous
system - {answer}-b. the number of processes extending from their cell body
Which of the choices below describes the ANS?
a. motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle,
cardiac muscles, and glands
b. sensory neurons that convey information from somatic receptors in the
head, body wall, and limbs and from receptors from the special senses of
vision, hearing, taste, and smell to the CNS
c. motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles
,d. sensory and motor neurons that supply the digestive tract - {answer}-a.
motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle,
cardiac muscle, and glands
Which neurotransmitter is released by all somatic motor neurons?
a. epinephrine
b. norepinephrine
c. endorphins
d. acetylcholine - {answer}-d. acetylcholine
Which of the following is NOT a result of parasympathetic stimulation?
a. salivation
b. increased digestive activity
c. dilation of the pupils
d. elimination of urine - {answer}-c. dilation of the pupils
The action potential travels faster on axons that are ______.
a. smaller and unmyelinated
b. smaller and myelinated
c. larger and unmyelinated
d. larger and myelinated - {answer}-d. larger and myelinated
________ sensory fibers convey information like touch or pain from skin,
skeletal muscles, and joints to the CNS.
a. sympathetic
b. visceral
c. somatic
d. autonomic - {answer}-c. somatic
The "resting and digesting" division of the autonomic nervous system is the
_______.
a. peripheral division
, b. parasympathetic division
c. somatic division
d. sympathetic division - {answer}-b. parasympathetic division
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of neurons?
a. they conduct impulses
b. they have extreme longevity
c. they are mitotic
d. they have an exceptionally high metabolic rate - {answer}-c. they are mitotic
Which of the following describes the nervous system integrative function?
a. senses changes in the environment
b. analyzes sensory information, stored information, makes decisions
c. responds to stimuli by gland secretion or muscle contraction - {answer}-b.
analyzes sensory information, stored information, makes decisions
When a neurotransmitter like acetylcholine is acting in an excitatory manner
which of the following is likely a result of the acetylcholine acting on the post
synaptic cell?
a. chemically gated potassium channels will open
b. chemically gated chloride channels will open
c. chemically gated sodium channels will open
d. chemically gated sodium channels will be closed - {answer}-c. chemically
gated sodium channels will open
Dense collections of myelinated fibers makes up the ______ regions of the
CNS.
a. white matter
b. cerebral cortex
c. gray matter
d. gray commissure - {answer}-a. white matter
