NPTE Prep: Pediatric Conditions and
Sensory/Spinal Pathologies Questions with
Detailed Verified Answers
Primitive spinal reflexes are those present in? Ans: normal development of infants
Primitive Spinal Reflex List: Ans: - Babinski Reflex: toe extension and fanning
- Flexor Withdrawal Reflex: noxious stimulus to sole of foot --> toe extension, DF and
LE flexion
- Crossed Extension Reflex: noxious stimuli to sole of foot --> flexion of stimulated leg
and extension with adduction of opposite leg; contributes to walking
- Traction Reflex: pulling on forearm (stretch stimulus) --> UE flexion with head lag
- Grasp Reflex: pressure to palm of hand or foot (palmar surface) --> flexion of fingers
or toes
- Primary Support Reflex: weight-bearing through balls of feet; increased extensor tone
through LE and trunk; have pt stand and lean against a therapy ball on table to
decrease mass extensor response (promote trunk flexion)
Tonic or Brainstem Reflexes are present in? Ans: normal development of infants
Tonic/Brainstem Reflexes include? Ans: - ATNR (Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex)
- STNR (Symmetrical tonic neck reflex)
ATNR (asymmetrical tonic neck reflex) Ans: - ROT of head produces flexion of one
UE (skull side) and extension of the other UE (jaw side)
STNR (symmetrical tonic neck reflex) Ans: Flexion of head produces flexion of UE
and extension of LE
extension of head produces extension of UE and flexion of LE
,Ascending (Sensory) Tracts Ans: - DCML (fasciculus cuneatus and gracillis)
- Spinothalmic Tracts (anterior and lateral)
- Spinocerebellar (anterior and posterior)
Descending (Motor) Tracts Ans: - Pyramidal (voluntary): Corticospinal (lateral and
anterior)
- Extrapyramidal (control and coordination): Reticulospinal, Rubrospinal,
Olivo/Tectospinal, Vestibulospinal
Damage to corticospinal (pyramidal) tracts results in a? Ans: + babinski sign, absent
superficial abdominal and cremasteric reflexes, and loss of fine motor or skilled
VOLUNTARY movement
What is a test that measures gross and fine motor abilities in school-aged children and
young adults in the age range from 4-21 years? Ans: Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of
Motor Proficiency (BOT-2)
what is the Sensory Integration and Praxis Test (SIPT)? Ans: sensorimotor assessment
for children aged between 4 years and 8 years, 11 months, with mild to mod learning
impairments
- measures balance, proprioception, tactile sensation, and control of specific
movements
what is the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development Revision (BSID) Ans: -
comprehensive developmental assessment used from birth to age of 42 months
list of pediatric functional assessments: Ans: - Pediatric Evaluation of Disability
Inventory (PEDI)
- Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM)
- School Function Assessment (SFA)
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, what is a standardized assessment to evaluate the physical condition of the newborn
infant? Ans: APGAR Score
the APGAR score evaluates what 5 components? Ans: - appearance
- pulse
- grimace
- activity
- respiration
Reassessment for APGAR occurs at what intervals? Ans: 1 min, 5min, and 10 minutes
after birth
- reassess at 10 minutes only if the APGAR score is < 7 OR if any component of the
score is 0 (even if the overall score is > 7)
note: low scores at 10 minutes indicate neurological complications
Point breakdown/ranges for APGAR test: Ans: - 8-10: normal
- 5-7: requires blow-by oxygen
- 3-4: requires bag and mask ventilation (predictor of neonatal mortality)
Torticollis (wryneck) is due to? Ans: SCM tightness
which type of torticollis (congenital or acquired) is more common? Ans: congenital
acquired torticollis is aka? Ans: spasmodic torticollis
Actions of SCM: Ans: - flexion, ipsilateral lateral flexion, CL rotation
© Get it right 2025 Getaway - Stuvia US All rights reserved
Sensory/Spinal Pathologies Questions with
Detailed Verified Answers
Primitive spinal reflexes are those present in? Ans: normal development of infants
Primitive Spinal Reflex List: Ans: - Babinski Reflex: toe extension and fanning
- Flexor Withdrawal Reflex: noxious stimulus to sole of foot --> toe extension, DF and
LE flexion
- Crossed Extension Reflex: noxious stimuli to sole of foot --> flexion of stimulated leg
and extension with adduction of opposite leg; contributes to walking
- Traction Reflex: pulling on forearm (stretch stimulus) --> UE flexion with head lag
- Grasp Reflex: pressure to palm of hand or foot (palmar surface) --> flexion of fingers
or toes
- Primary Support Reflex: weight-bearing through balls of feet; increased extensor tone
through LE and trunk; have pt stand and lean against a therapy ball on table to
decrease mass extensor response (promote trunk flexion)
Tonic or Brainstem Reflexes are present in? Ans: normal development of infants
Tonic/Brainstem Reflexes include? Ans: - ATNR (Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex)
- STNR (Symmetrical tonic neck reflex)
ATNR (asymmetrical tonic neck reflex) Ans: - ROT of head produces flexion of one
UE (skull side) and extension of the other UE (jaw side)
STNR (symmetrical tonic neck reflex) Ans: Flexion of head produces flexion of UE
and extension of LE
extension of head produces extension of UE and flexion of LE
,Ascending (Sensory) Tracts Ans: - DCML (fasciculus cuneatus and gracillis)
- Spinothalmic Tracts (anterior and lateral)
- Spinocerebellar (anterior and posterior)
Descending (Motor) Tracts Ans: - Pyramidal (voluntary): Corticospinal (lateral and
anterior)
- Extrapyramidal (control and coordination): Reticulospinal, Rubrospinal,
Olivo/Tectospinal, Vestibulospinal
Damage to corticospinal (pyramidal) tracts results in a? Ans: + babinski sign, absent
superficial abdominal and cremasteric reflexes, and loss of fine motor or skilled
VOLUNTARY movement
What is a test that measures gross and fine motor abilities in school-aged children and
young adults in the age range from 4-21 years? Ans: Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of
Motor Proficiency (BOT-2)
what is the Sensory Integration and Praxis Test (SIPT)? Ans: sensorimotor assessment
for children aged between 4 years and 8 years, 11 months, with mild to mod learning
impairments
- measures balance, proprioception, tactile sensation, and control of specific
movements
what is the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development Revision (BSID) Ans: -
comprehensive developmental assessment used from birth to age of 42 months
list of pediatric functional assessments: Ans: - Pediatric Evaluation of Disability
Inventory (PEDI)
- Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM)
- School Function Assessment (SFA)
© Get it right 2025 Getaway - Stuvia US All rights reserved
, what is a standardized assessment to evaluate the physical condition of the newborn
infant? Ans: APGAR Score
the APGAR score evaluates what 5 components? Ans: - appearance
- pulse
- grimace
- activity
- respiration
Reassessment for APGAR occurs at what intervals? Ans: 1 min, 5min, and 10 minutes
after birth
- reassess at 10 minutes only if the APGAR score is < 7 OR if any component of the
score is 0 (even if the overall score is > 7)
note: low scores at 10 minutes indicate neurological complications
Point breakdown/ranges for APGAR test: Ans: - 8-10: normal
- 5-7: requires blow-by oxygen
- 3-4: requires bag and mask ventilation (predictor of neonatal mortality)
Torticollis (wryneck) is due to? Ans: SCM tightness
which type of torticollis (congenital or acquired) is more common? Ans: congenital
acquired torticollis is aka? Ans: spasmodic torticollis
Actions of SCM: Ans: - flexion, ipsilateral lateral flexion, CL rotation
© Get it right 2025 Getaway - Stuvia US All rights reserved
