NPTE Review - Metabolic/Endocrine Questions
with Detailed Verified Answers
what is phenylketonuria (PKU)? Ans: a syndrome that consists of intellectual disability
as well as behavioral and cognitive issues secondary to an elevation of serum
phenylalanine
what is Tay-Sachs disease? Ans: a genetic disorder that results in developmental delay
and intellectual disability usually resulting in death by the age of 5
what is Wilson's disease? Ans: a rare inherited disorder that is most common in
people under 40 years old and develops in children; produces inability of the body to
metabolize copper that then accumulates in the brain and other organs
metabolic alkalosis commonly occurs as a result of what? Ans: - continuous vomiting
- ingestion of antacids or other alkaline substances
- diuretic therapy
metabolic acidosis commonly occurs with what conditions? Ans: - renal failure
- lactic acidosis
- starvation
- ketoacidosis
- severe diarrhea
what is osteomalacia? Ans: a metabolic condition where bones become soft secondary
to a calcium or phosphorus deficiency; usually secondary to inadequate intestinal
absorption
what is Paget's disease? Ans: a metabolic condition characterized by heightened
osteoclast activity resulting in excessive bone formation that lacks structural integrity
, the thyroid gland and its hormones are primarily responsible for what? Ans: thyroid
hormones increase the rate of chemical reactions in the body ... overall metabolism
the parathyroid glands are primarily responsible for what? Ans: maintains normal
blood levels of calcium; increases reabsorption of calcium and phosphate from bones
to the blood
the adrenal cortex produces ________ and the adrenal medulla produces ________
Ans: corticosteroids; epinephrine
what are the hormone producing cells of the pancreas called? Ans: islets of
Langerhans
alpha cells of the pancreas produce _______ and beta cells of the pancreas produce
__________. they work together to regulate _____ _____ levels Ans: glucagon;
insulin; blood glucose
how are prostaglandins unique from other hormones? Ans: they do not circulate in
the blood and instead exert their effects only where they are produced
what are some examples of catecholamines? Ans: epinephrine, norepinephrine, and
dopamine
where are catecholamines produced? Ans: chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla
when is insulin released? Ans: when blood glucose levels are elevated
characterize Addison's disease Ans: hypofunction of the adrenal cortex resulting in
decreased production of cortisol and aldosterone
signs of:
- hypotension
© Get it right 2025 Getaway - Stuvia US All rights reserved
with Detailed Verified Answers
what is phenylketonuria (PKU)? Ans: a syndrome that consists of intellectual disability
as well as behavioral and cognitive issues secondary to an elevation of serum
phenylalanine
what is Tay-Sachs disease? Ans: a genetic disorder that results in developmental delay
and intellectual disability usually resulting in death by the age of 5
what is Wilson's disease? Ans: a rare inherited disorder that is most common in
people under 40 years old and develops in children; produces inability of the body to
metabolize copper that then accumulates in the brain and other organs
metabolic alkalosis commonly occurs as a result of what? Ans: - continuous vomiting
- ingestion of antacids or other alkaline substances
- diuretic therapy
metabolic acidosis commonly occurs with what conditions? Ans: - renal failure
- lactic acidosis
- starvation
- ketoacidosis
- severe diarrhea
what is osteomalacia? Ans: a metabolic condition where bones become soft secondary
to a calcium or phosphorus deficiency; usually secondary to inadequate intestinal
absorption
what is Paget's disease? Ans: a metabolic condition characterized by heightened
osteoclast activity resulting in excessive bone formation that lacks structural integrity
, the thyroid gland and its hormones are primarily responsible for what? Ans: thyroid
hormones increase the rate of chemical reactions in the body ... overall metabolism
the parathyroid glands are primarily responsible for what? Ans: maintains normal
blood levels of calcium; increases reabsorption of calcium and phosphate from bones
to the blood
the adrenal cortex produces ________ and the adrenal medulla produces ________
Ans: corticosteroids; epinephrine
what are the hormone producing cells of the pancreas called? Ans: islets of
Langerhans
alpha cells of the pancreas produce _______ and beta cells of the pancreas produce
__________. they work together to regulate _____ _____ levels Ans: glucagon;
insulin; blood glucose
how are prostaglandins unique from other hormones? Ans: they do not circulate in
the blood and instead exert their effects only where they are produced
what are some examples of catecholamines? Ans: epinephrine, norepinephrine, and
dopamine
where are catecholamines produced? Ans: chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla
when is insulin released? Ans: when blood glucose levels are elevated
characterize Addison's disease Ans: hypofunction of the adrenal cortex resulting in
decreased production of cortisol and aldosterone
signs of:
- hypotension
© Get it right 2025 Getaway - Stuvia US All rights reserved
