BIOS 251 EXAM 3 CHAMBERLAIN
UNIVERSITY QUESTIONS WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS | LATEST
VERSION 2025/2026.
Integumentary system - ANS consists of the skin, hair, nails, and their associated glands
epidermis - ANS -outermost layer of skin
-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
-surface consists of dead cells packed with keratin
-lacks blood vessels and depends on the diffusion of nutrients from the underlying connective
tissue
-sparse nerve ending for touch and pain
dermis - ANS -middle layer of skin, deeper connective tissue layer
-consists of mainly collagen, but also has elastic and reticular fibers, fibroblasts, and other
fibrous connective tissues
-well supplied with blood vessels, glands, and nerve endings
-hair follicles and nail roots
Hypodermis - ANS -loose connective tissue layer of skin
-bottom layer
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,-subcutaneous tissue
-areolar and adispose tissue
-pads body and binds skin to underlying tissue
-vascular, drugs inserted here
-has subcutaneous fat for insulation and an energy resovior
thick skin - ANS covers the palms, soles, and corresponding surfaces of the fingers and toes.
has sweat glands but no hair follicles or sebaceous (oil) glands
thin skin - ANS has an epidermis about 0.1 mm thick, with a thin stratum corneum. possesses
hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands.
functions of skin - ANS resistance to trauma and infection, other barrier functions, vitamin D
synthesis, sensation, thermoregulation, nonverbal communication
keratinocytes - ANS -majority of epidermal cells
-synthesizes keratin
-produced deep in the epidermis by the mitosis of stem cells in the stratum basale
stem cells - ANS -cells that divide and give rise to the keratinocyes
-found in stratum basale
melanocytes - ANS -occur only in stratum basale
-synthesize the brown to black pigment melanin
tactile cells - ANS -receptors for touch
-in stratum basale
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, dentritic cells - ANS -found in stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum
-immune cells that originate in the bone marrow but migrate to the epidermis and epithelia of
the oral cavity, esophagus, and vagina
-stand guard against toxins, microbes, and other pathogens that penetrate into the skin
-alert immune system to invaders
stratum basale - ANS -5th and deepest layer of epidermis
-consists of a single layer of cuboidal to low columnar stem cells
-has keratinocytes, melanocytes, tactile cells, and stem cells
stratum spinosum - ANS -4th layer of epidermis
-several layers of keratinocytes
-usually thickest stratum
-dendritic cells too
stratum granulosum - ANS -3rd layer of epidermis
-3 to 5 layers of flat keratinocytes
-contain keratohyalin granules
stratum lucidum - ANS -2nd layer of epidermis
-keratinocytes are densely packed with a clear protein named eleidin
-pale, featureless appearance with indistinct cell boundaries
stratum corneum - ANS -1st layer of epidermis
-consists of up to 30 layers of dead, scaly, keratinized cells that form a durable surface layer
-resistant to abrasion, penetration, and water loss
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
UNIVERSITY QUESTIONS WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS | LATEST
VERSION 2025/2026.
Integumentary system - ANS consists of the skin, hair, nails, and their associated glands
epidermis - ANS -outermost layer of skin
-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
-surface consists of dead cells packed with keratin
-lacks blood vessels and depends on the diffusion of nutrients from the underlying connective
tissue
-sparse nerve ending for touch and pain
dermis - ANS -middle layer of skin, deeper connective tissue layer
-consists of mainly collagen, but also has elastic and reticular fibers, fibroblasts, and other
fibrous connective tissues
-well supplied with blood vessels, glands, and nerve endings
-hair follicles and nail roots
Hypodermis - ANS -loose connective tissue layer of skin
-bottom layer
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,-subcutaneous tissue
-areolar and adispose tissue
-pads body and binds skin to underlying tissue
-vascular, drugs inserted here
-has subcutaneous fat for insulation and an energy resovior
thick skin - ANS covers the palms, soles, and corresponding surfaces of the fingers and toes.
has sweat glands but no hair follicles or sebaceous (oil) glands
thin skin - ANS has an epidermis about 0.1 mm thick, with a thin stratum corneum. possesses
hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands.
functions of skin - ANS resistance to trauma and infection, other barrier functions, vitamin D
synthesis, sensation, thermoregulation, nonverbal communication
keratinocytes - ANS -majority of epidermal cells
-synthesizes keratin
-produced deep in the epidermis by the mitosis of stem cells in the stratum basale
stem cells - ANS -cells that divide and give rise to the keratinocyes
-found in stratum basale
melanocytes - ANS -occur only in stratum basale
-synthesize the brown to black pigment melanin
tactile cells - ANS -receptors for touch
-in stratum basale
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, dentritic cells - ANS -found in stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum
-immune cells that originate in the bone marrow but migrate to the epidermis and epithelia of
the oral cavity, esophagus, and vagina
-stand guard against toxins, microbes, and other pathogens that penetrate into the skin
-alert immune system to invaders
stratum basale - ANS -5th and deepest layer of epidermis
-consists of a single layer of cuboidal to low columnar stem cells
-has keratinocytes, melanocytes, tactile cells, and stem cells
stratum spinosum - ANS -4th layer of epidermis
-several layers of keratinocytes
-usually thickest stratum
-dendritic cells too
stratum granulosum - ANS -3rd layer of epidermis
-3 to 5 layers of flat keratinocytes
-contain keratohyalin granules
stratum lucidum - ANS -2nd layer of epidermis
-keratinocytes are densely packed with a clear protein named eleidin
-pale, featureless appearance with indistinct cell boundaries
stratum corneum - ANS -1st layer of epidermis
-consists of up to 30 layers of dead, scaly, keratinized cells that form a durable surface layer
-resistant to abrasion, penetration, and water loss
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
