Health & Medical Psychology: Changing behavior
Models
Understanding behavior change
Getting motivated
Health Belief Model
Protection Motivation Theory
Theory of Planned Behavior/Reasoned Action Approach
Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory
Preparing for action & starting to change
Self-Determination Theory
Health Action Process Approach
Control Theory / Self-regulation Theory
Staying on track
Relapse Prevention Model
Changing behavior
Increasing motivation
(Extended) Parallel Process Model
Elaboration Likelihood Model
Bandura’s Social Cognitive Model
Motivational Interviewing
Preparing for action
Implementation Intentions
Cues to Action / Nudging
Overcoming barriers and lapses
Extended Relapse Prevention Model
1
,Understanding behavior change
Getting motivated
Example: smoking
Perceived Susceptibility: what is the chance of me getting ill?
I’m still young, I wouldn’t get lung cancer anyway.
Perceived Severity: how ill would I be?
Cancer is bad for everyone, but I don’t expect to get cancer ( susceptibility is
higher)
Perceived Benefits: what benefits would I have if I would quit smoking?
I would feel more fit, I would have a better health condition.
Perceived Barriers: what will it cost me to quit smoking?
Quitting smoking is hard. I have to give up a lot to quit smoking.
Health motivation: how motivated are you?
Cues to Action: external cues (banners about quitting smoking) & internal cues (you don’t
feel well because of the amount you smoke)
2
, PMT is an adaptation of the HBM
Severity + Susceptibility / vulnerability = fear (same as HBM)
Response efficacy (PMT) = perceived benefits (HBM)
Response costs (PMT) = Perceived barriers (HBM)
2 more things are added (red circles in the model)
- Rewards of unhealthy behavior. Unhealthy behavior = Maladaptive response = current
behavior. Rewards can also come from not doing health behavior. Can be intrinsic (social
distancing. You like to hug others. It’s a reward if you hug someone, but you shouldn’t do it)
and extrinsic (you like the appreciation which you get when you party with others)
- Self-efficacy. You need to experience fear, believe that the behavioral response is effective
of reducing the risk and the rewards of not complying to the rule need to be low. Finally you
need to feel in control of the required behavior.
3
Models
Understanding behavior change
Getting motivated
Health Belief Model
Protection Motivation Theory
Theory of Planned Behavior/Reasoned Action Approach
Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory
Preparing for action & starting to change
Self-Determination Theory
Health Action Process Approach
Control Theory / Self-regulation Theory
Staying on track
Relapse Prevention Model
Changing behavior
Increasing motivation
(Extended) Parallel Process Model
Elaboration Likelihood Model
Bandura’s Social Cognitive Model
Motivational Interviewing
Preparing for action
Implementation Intentions
Cues to Action / Nudging
Overcoming barriers and lapses
Extended Relapse Prevention Model
1
,Understanding behavior change
Getting motivated
Example: smoking
Perceived Susceptibility: what is the chance of me getting ill?
I’m still young, I wouldn’t get lung cancer anyway.
Perceived Severity: how ill would I be?
Cancer is bad for everyone, but I don’t expect to get cancer ( susceptibility is
higher)
Perceived Benefits: what benefits would I have if I would quit smoking?
I would feel more fit, I would have a better health condition.
Perceived Barriers: what will it cost me to quit smoking?
Quitting smoking is hard. I have to give up a lot to quit smoking.
Health motivation: how motivated are you?
Cues to Action: external cues (banners about quitting smoking) & internal cues (you don’t
feel well because of the amount you smoke)
2
, PMT is an adaptation of the HBM
Severity + Susceptibility / vulnerability = fear (same as HBM)
Response efficacy (PMT) = perceived benefits (HBM)
Response costs (PMT) = Perceived barriers (HBM)
2 more things are added (red circles in the model)
- Rewards of unhealthy behavior. Unhealthy behavior = Maladaptive response = current
behavior. Rewards can also come from not doing health behavior. Can be intrinsic (social
distancing. You like to hug others. It’s a reward if you hug someone, but you shouldn’t do it)
and extrinsic (you like the appreciation which you get when you party with others)
- Self-efficacy. You need to experience fear, believe that the behavioral response is effective
of reducing the risk and the rewards of not complying to the rule need to be low. Finally you
need to feel in control of the required behavior.
3
