INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM 2025/2026
1. Norms are:
a) Written laws enforced by the government
b) Personal beliefs that vary from person to person
✅ c) Social rules that specify appropriate behavior in a given situation
d) Traditions that are no longer practiced
Rationale: Norms are shared expectations for behavior that guide how members of society
should act in specific situations.
2. Achieved status is a social position:
a) Given at birth
✅ b) That individuals secure on the basis of choice and competition
c) That depends on gender or family background
d) That cannot be changed
Rationale: Achieved status results from personal effort, skills, or accomplishments rather than
being assigned at birth.
3. A subculture is:
a) A group that rejects all aspects of the dominant culture
b) A secret organization within society
✅ c) A group whose members share unique values and norms while participating in the larger
culture
d) A political group seeking dominance
Rationale: A subculture coexists with the dominant culture but maintains distinctive beliefs,
customs, and lifestyles.
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,4. Any violation of norms, whether good or bad, is called:
a) Crime
b) Sanction
✅ c) Deviance
d) Dysfunction
Rationale: Deviance refers to any behavior that violates social norms — whether admired
(heroism) or condemned (theft).
5. A condition in which members of a society have different amounts of wealth,
prestige, or power is called:
✅ a) Social inequality
b) Social mobility
c) Stratification theory
d) Cultural relativism
Rationale: Social inequality reflects unequal access to valued resources like money, status, and
authority.
6. Some elements of society are socially constructed. Which of the following is
NOT a social construction?
a) Ethnic groups
b) Gender groups
c) Racial groups
✅ d) All of the above are social constructions
Rationale: All these categories are socially constructed—defined by social processes and
meanings, not biology alone.
7. A society is:
a) A small community of related families
✅ b) A group of people living within the same territory sharing a common culture
c) A temporary gathering of people
d) Any group with shared interests
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, Rationale: Sociologists define a society as people sharing territory and culture who interact
under a social structure.
8. The development of the self, according to Mead, Goffman, and Cooley, results
from:
✅ a) Our interaction with others
b) Biological inheritance
c) Education alone
d) Government institutions
Rationale: Interactionists argue that self-concept develops through social interaction and
reflection of others’ perceptions.
9. Refusing to hire a group due to client bias represents:
✅ a) Discrimination without prejudice
b) Prejudice without discrimination
c) Institutional racism
d) Ethnocentrism
Rationale: The person acts discriminatorily for external reasons (client bias), not personal
prejudice.
10. Mores are:
a) Casual folkways
✅ b) Norms with moral significance, demanding conformity
c) Written rules of law
d) Customs without consequence
Rationale: Mores are norms tied to moral values; breaking them provokes strong social
disapproval.
11. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a minority group?
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FINAL EXAM 2025/2026
1. Norms are:
a) Written laws enforced by the government
b) Personal beliefs that vary from person to person
✅ c) Social rules that specify appropriate behavior in a given situation
d) Traditions that are no longer practiced
Rationale: Norms are shared expectations for behavior that guide how members of society
should act in specific situations.
2. Achieved status is a social position:
a) Given at birth
✅ b) That individuals secure on the basis of choice and competition
c) That depends on gender or family background
d) That cannot be changed
Rationale: Achieved status results from personal effort, skills, or accomplishments rather than
being assigned at birth.
3. A subculture is:
a) A group that rejects all aspects of the dominant culture
b) A secret organization within society
✅ c) A group whose members share unique values and norms while participating in the larger
culture
d) A political group seeking dominance
Rationale: A subculture coexists with the dominant culture but maintains distinctive beliefs,
customs, and lifestyles.
1
,4. Any violation of norms, whether good or bad, is called:
a) Crime
b) Sanction
✅ c) Deviance
d) Dysfunction
Rationale: Deviance refers to any behavior that violates social norms — whether admired
(heroism) or condemned (theft).
5. A condition in which members of a society have different amounts of wealth,
prestige, or power is called:
✅ a) Social inequality
b) Social mobility
c) Stratification theory
d) Cultural relativism
Rationale: Social inequality reflects unequal access to valued resources like money, status, and
authority.
6. Some elements of society are socially constructed. Which of the following is
NOT a social construction?
a) Ethnic groups
b) Gender groups
c) Racial groups
✅ d) All of the above are social constructions
Rationale: All these categories are socially constructed—defined by social processes and
meanings, not biology alone.
7. A society is:
a) A small community of related families
✅ b) A group of people living within the same territory sharing a common culture
c) A temporary gathering of people
d) Any group with shared interests
2
, Rationale: Sociologists define a society as people sharing territory and culture who interact
under a social structure.
8. The development of the self, according to Mead, Goffman, and Cooley, results
from:
✅ a) Our interaction with others
b) Biological inheritance
c) Education alone
d) Government institutions
Rationale: Interactionists argue that self-concept develops through social interaction and
reflection of others’ perceptions.
9. Refusing to hire a group due to client bias represents:
✅ a) Discrimination without prejudice
b) Prejudice without discrimination
c) Institutional racism
d) Ethnocentrism
Rationale: The person acts discriminatorily for external reasons (client bias), not personal
prejudice.
10. Mores are:
a) Casual folkways
✅ b) Norms with moral significance, demanding conformity
c) Written rules of law
d) Customs without consequence
Rationale: Mores are norms tied to moral values; breaking them provokes strong social
disapproval.
11. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a minority group?
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