AQA A LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY PAPER 2 EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION GUIDE) (MULTIPLE CHOICES)
A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED
Terms in this set (32)
VALID ANSWERS
Questions
When we're in unknown situations schemas help us know
Give one reason why schema's how to behave. So when we do not know what to do our
are useful? schema fills in the gaps for us and allow us to process
situations better.
schemas may exclude information which doesn't conform to
our prior expectations. As a result, we may form stereotypes
Give one reason why schema's which are difficult to shift, even if new,disputing information
are not useful? is presented. This means we may not be processing the world
around us accurately and may misjudge or represent a person
or situation.
Displacement is when we redirect our hostile feelings onto
something else because it is not appropriate to express their
Discuss the defense mechanism
feeling towards the person or object in question. Jed can't
shown by Jed?
take his frustration out on his teacher, who issued the
detention and he displaced his feelings by kicking the locker.
Outline the key features of the The behaviourist approach suggests that the basic processes
behaviourist approach. Compare that govern learning in all species are the same. We learn
to the biological approach, through two concepts: operant conditioning and classical
(A01 Behaviourist) conditioning.
The idea of classical conditioning was developed by Pavlov
who found that we learn through association. He found that it
Outline the key features of the
was possible to condition dogs to associate the sound of a
behaviourist approach. Compare
bell with food. This resulted in the dogs producing a
to the biological approach,
salivation response at the sound of a bell even when no food
(classical conditioning)
was present. Pavlov demonstrated that repeated exposure to
an event leads to a learned and uncontrollable behaviour.
, Skinner suggested behaviour resulted from learning through
the consequences of our actions. He conducted research into
operant conditioning theory using rats, and found that three
Outline the key features of the
types of consequences will affect behaviour: positive
behaviourist approach. Compare
reinforcement involves rewarding a behaviour, which
to the biological approach,
increases it being repeated; negative reinforcement involves
(operant conditioning)
removing an unpleasant outcome to increase it being
repeated; punishment involves adding an unpleasant
outcome,reducing the behaviour.
Outline the key features of the Both the behaviourist approach and biological approach share
behaviourist approach. Compare a similarity in being determinist. Both ignore the influence
to the biological approach, that the person can have and whether they have free will and
(similarity to biological) can make their own choices in these decisions.
However, they differ in that the behaviourist approach is
environmentally determinist while the biological approach is
Outline the key features of the
biologically determinist. Stating that behaviour is the product
behaviourist approach. Compare
of internal biological factors (e.g. genes, hormones,
to the biological approach,
neurotransmitters, etc.) while behaviourists argue that
(difference)
behaviour is determined by the environment and is a product
of stimulus-response associations
Both approaches take a nomothetic approach when studying
human behaviour. Both investigate behaviour to try to create
universal laws that apply to all human beings. Biologists
Outline the key features of the
argue that this is possible because human beings share similar
behaviourist approach. Compare
physiologies, and behaviourists argue that this is possible
to the biological approach
because all behaviour is the result of learning and stimulus-
(similarity)
response associations. Therefore, the aim of generating
universal laws that apply to all humans is another similarity
between the behaviourist and biological approaches.
the behaviourist approach and biological approach are
different in their position on the nature-nurture debate.
Behaviourist views rest firmly on the nurture side of the
debate, and that human beings are blank slates and that all
Outline the key features of the behaviour is learned. Biological psychologists argue a nature-
behaviourist approach. Compare based view of behaviour. They posit that behaviour is the
to the biological approach result of innate biological factors (e.g. genes, hormones,
(nature + nurture) neurotransmitters. etc.) and is, therefore, the product of
nature and not nurture. Therefore, despite their similarities in
terms of determinism and their approach to investigation, the
behaviourist and biological approaches are radically different
in terms of their position on the nature-nurture debate.
The somatic nervous system facilitates communication
Name a difference between
between the central nervous system and the outside world,
somatic nervous system and
whereas the autonomic nervous system plays an important
autonomic nervous system?
role in maintaining internal processes like body temperature.
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION GUIDE) (MULTIPLE CHOICES)
A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED
Terms in this set (32)
VALID ANSWERS
Questions
When we're in unknown situations schemas help us know
Give one reason why schema's how to behave. So when we do not know what to do our
are useful? schema fills in the gaps for us and allow us to process
situations better.
schemas may exclude information which doesn't conform to
our prior expectations. As a result, we may form stereotypes
Give one reason why schema's which are difficult to shift, even if new,disputing information
are not useful? is presented. This means we may not be processing the world
around us accurately and may misjudge or represent a person
or situation.
Displacement is when we redirect our hostile feelings onto
something else because it is not appropriate to express their
Discuss the defense mechanism
feeling towards the person or object in question. Jed can't
shown by Jed?
take his frustration out on his teacher, who issued the
detention and he displaced his feelings by kicking the locker.
Outline the key features of the The behaviourist approach suggests that the basic processes
behaviourist approach. Compare that govern learning in all species are the same. We learn
to the biological approach, through two concepts: operant conditioning and classical
(A01 Behaviourist) conditioning.
The idea of classical conditioning was developed by Pavlov
who found that we learn through association. He found that it
Outline the key features of the
was possible to condition dogs to associate the sound of a
behaviourist approach. Compare
bell with food. This resulted in the dogs producing a
to the biological approach,
salivation response at the sound of a bell even when no food
(classical conditioning)
was present. Pavlov demonstrated that repeated exposure to
an event leads to a learned and uncontrollable behaviour.
, Skinner suggested behaviour resulted from learning through
the consequences of our actions. He conducted research into
operant conditioning theory using rats, and found that three
Outline the key features of the
types of consequences will affect behaviour: positive
behaviourist approach. Compare
reinforcement involves rewarding a behaviour, which
to the biological approach,
increases it being repeated; negative reinforcement involves
(operant conditioning)
removing an unpleasant outcome to increase it being
repeated; punishment involves adding an unpleasant
outcome,reducing the behaviour.
Outline the key features of the Both the behaviourist approach and biological approach share
behaviourist approach. Compare a similarity in being determinist. Both ignore the influence
to the biological approach, that the person can have and whether they have free will and
(similarity to biological) can make their own choices in these decisions.
However, they differ in that the behaviourist approach is
environmentally determinist while the biological approach is
Outline the key features of the
biologically determinist. Stating that behaviour is the product
behaviourist approach. Compare
of internal biological factors (e.g. genes, hormones,
to the biological approach,
neurotransmitters, etc.) while behaviourists argue that
(difference)
behaviour is determined by the environment and is a product
of stimulus-response associations
Both approaches take a nomothetic approach when studying
human behaviour. Both investigate behaviour to try to create
universal laws that apply to all human beings. Biologists
Outline the key features of the
argue that this is possible because human beings share similar
behaviourist approach. Compare
physiologies, and behaviourists argue that this is possible
to the biological approach
because all behaviour is the result of learning and stimulus-
(similarity)
response associations. Therefore, the aim of generating
universal laws that apply to all humans is another similarity
between the behaviourist and biological approaches.
the behaviourist approach and biological approach are
different in their position on the nature-nurture debate.
Behaviourist views rest firmly on the nurture side of the
debate, and that human beings are blank slates and that all
Outline the key features of the behaviour is learned. Biological psychologists argue a nature-
behaviourist approach. Compare based view of behaviour. They posit that behaviour is the
to the biological approach result of innate biological factors (e.g. genes, hormones,
(nature + nurture) neurotransmitters. etc.) and is, therefore, the product of
nature and not nurture. Therefore, despite their similarities in
terms of determinism and their approach to investigation, the
behaviourist and biological approaches are radically different
in terms of their position on the nature-nurture debate.
The somatic nervous system facilitates communication
Name a difference between
between the central nervous system and the outside world,
somatic nervous system and
whereas the autonomic nervous system plays an important
autonomic nervous system?
role in maintaining internal processes like body temperature.
