, Fundamentals of Nursing Theory Concepts and
Applications 4th Edition
Table of contents
Chapter Topic
Chapter 1 Evolution of Nursing Thought & Action
Chapter 2 Critical Thinking & Nursing Process
Chapter 3 Assessment
Chapter 4 Analysis/Diagnosis
Chapter 5 Planning Outcomes
Chapter 6 Planning Interventions
Chapter 7 Implementation & Evaluation
Chapter 8 Theory, Research, & Evidence-Based Practice
Chapter 9 Life Span: Infancy Through Middle Adulthood
Chapter 10 Life Span: Older Adults
Chapter 11 Experiencing Health & Illness
Chapter 12 Stress & Adaptation
Chapter 13 Psychosocial Health & Illness
Chapter 14 The Family
Chapter 15 Culture & Ethnicity
Chapter 16 Spirituality
Chapter 17 Loss, Grief, & Dying
Chapter 18 Documenting & Reporting
Chapter 19 Teaching & Learning
Chapter 20 Measuring Vital Signs
Chapter 21 Communication & Therapeutic Relationships
Chapter 22 Health Assessment
Chapter 23 Promoting Asepsis & Preventing Infection
Chapter 24 Promoting Safety
Chapter 25 Facilitating Hygiene
Chapter 26 Administering Medications
Chapter 27 Nutrition
Chapter 28 Urinary Elimination
Chapter 29 Bowel Elimination
,Chapter 30 Sensation, Perception, & Response
Chapter 31 Pain
Chapter 32 Physical Activity & Immobility
Chapter 33 Sexual Health
Chapter 34 Sleep & Rest
Chapter 35 Skin Integrity & Wound Healing
Chapter 36 Oxygenation
Chapter 37 Circulation & Perfusion
Chapter 38 Fluids, Electrolytes, & Acid-Base Balance
Chapter 39 Perioperative Care
Chapter 40 Leading & Managing
Chapter 41 Nursing Informatics
Chapter 42 Promoting Health
Chapter 43 Community & Home Health Nursing
Chapter 44 Ethics & Values
Chapter 45 Legal Accountability
Chapter 46 Holistic Healing
, Chapter 1 Evolution of Nursing Thought & Action
1. Which statement best describes the essence of modern nursing?
A. Nursing is primarily focused on curing disease.
B. Nursing combines scientific knowledge with compassionate care.
C. Nursing is limited to following physician orders.
D. Nursing emphasizes only technical procedures.
Correct Answer: B. Nursing combines scientific knowledge with compassionate care.
Rationale: Modern nursing integrates both the science (knowledge and critical thinking) and the art
(caring and compassion) of healthcare, reflecting the holistic foundation of professional nursing practice.
2. Florence Nightingale’s greatest contribution to nursing was:
A. Developing the first nursing textbook.
B. Advocating for sanitation reforms and data-driven care.
C. Founding the first Red Cross unit.
D. Discovering the germ theory of disease.
Correct Answer: B. Advocating for sanitation reforms and data-driven care.
Rationale: Nightingale used statistical evidence to demonstrate how cleanliness and environment affected
patient outcomes—establishing the foundation for evidence-based nursing.
3. The focus of nursing during the early civilization to the 16th century was primarily on:
A. Healing through divine intervention.
B. Scientific diagnosis and pharmacology.
C. Psychological care.
D. Patient autonomy and ethics.
Correct Answer: A. Healing through divine intervention.
Rationale: Early civilizations attributed illness to supernatural causes, and nurses were often priests or
spiritual caregivers, emphasizing religious rituals over scientific reasoning.
4. The transition of nursing from a religious vocation to a recognized profession began during which period?
A. Pre-civilization
B. 16th to 17th century
C. 18th to 19th century
D. Post–World War II
Correct Answer: C. 18th to 19th century
Rationale: The Industrial Revolution and Nightingale’s reforms transformed nursing into a respected
profession focused on education, hygiene, and patient-centered care.
5. Who is credited with founding professional nursing education?
A. Clara Barton
Applications 4th Edition
Table of contents
Chapter Topic
Chapter 1 Evolution of Nursing Thought & Action
Chapter 2 Critical Thinking & Nursing Process
Chapter 3 Assessment
Chapter 4 Analysis/Diagnosis
Chapter 5 Planning Outcomes
Chapter 6 Planning Interventions
Chapter 7 Implementation & Evaluation
Chapter 8 Theory, Research, & Evidence-Based Practice
Chapter 9 Life Span: Infancy Through Middle Adulthood
Chapter 10 Life Span: Older Adults
Chapter 11 Experiencing Health & Illness
Chapter 12 Stress & Adaptation
Chapter 13 Psychosocial Health & Illness
Chapter 14 The Family
Chapter 15 Culture & Ethnicity
Chapter 16 Spirituality
Chapter 17 Loss, Grief, & Dying
Chapter 18 Documenting & Reporting
Chapter 19 Teaching & Learning
Chapter 20 Measuring Vital Signs
Chapter 21 Communication & Therapeutic Relationships
Chapter 22 Health Assessment
Chapter 23 Promoting Asepsis & Preventing Infection
Chapter 24 Promoting Safety
Chapter 25 Facilitating Hygiene
Chapter 26 Administering Medications
Chapter 27 Nutrition
Chapter 28 Urinary Elimination
Chapter 29 Bowel Elimination
,Chapter 30 Sensation, Perception, & Response
Chapter 31 Pain
Chapter 32 Physical Activity & Immobility
Chapter 33 Sexual Health
Chapter 34 Sleep & Rest
Chapter 35 Skin Integrity & Wound Healing
Chapter 36 Oxygenation
Chapter 37 Circulation & Perfusion
Chapter 38 Fluids, Electrolytes, & Acid-Base Balance
Chapter 39 Perioperative Care
Chapter 40 Leading & Managing
Chapter 41 Nursing Informatics
Chapter 42 Promoting Health
Chapter 43 Community & Home Health Nursing
Chapter 44 Ethics & Values
Chapter 45 Legal Accountability
Chapter 46 Holistic Healing
, Chapter 1 Evolution of Nursing Thought & Action
1. Which statement best describes the essence of modern nursing?
A. Nursing is primarily focused on curing disease.
B. Nursing combines scientific knowledge with compassionate care.
C. Nursing is limited to following physician orders.
D. Nursing emphasizes only technical procedures.
Correct Answer: B. Nursing combines scientific knowledge with compassionate care.
Rationale: Modern nursing integrates both the science (knowledge and critical thinking) and the art
(caring and compassion) of healthcare, reflecting the holistic foundation of professional nursing practice.
2. Florence Nightingale’s greatest contribution to nursing was:
A. Developing the first nursing textbook.
B. Advocating for sanitation reforms and data-driven care.
C. Founding the first Red Cross unit.
D. Discovering the germ theory of disease.
Correct Answer: B. Advocating for sanitation reforms and data-driven care.
Rationale: Nightingale used statistical evidence to demonstrate how cleanliness and environment affected
patient outcomes—establishing the foundation for evidence-based nursing.
3. The focus of nursing during the early civilization to the 16th century was primarily on:
A. Healing through divine intervention.
B. Scientific diagnosis and pharmacology.
C. Psychological care.
D. Patient autonomy and ethics.
Correct Answer: A. Healing through divine intervention.
Rationale: Early civilizations attributed illness to supernatural causes, and nurses were often priests or
spiritual caregivers, emphasizing religious rituals over scientific reasoning.
4. The transition of nursing from a religious vocation to a recognized profession began during which period?
A. Pre-civilization
B. 16th to 17th century
C. 18th to 19th century
D. Post–World War II
Correct Answer: C. 18th to 19th century
Rationale: The Industrial Revolution and Nightingale’s reforms transformed nursing into a respected
profession focused on education, hygiene, and patient-centered care.
5. Who is credited with founding professional nursing education?
A. Clara Barton
