Literatuur Strategic Energy Planning and Governance
HC 1
- Gerritsen (2023)
https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/300486/300486.pdf
- Kooij et al. (2025)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210422425000620
HC 2
- de Gooyert et al. (2024) - How to make climate policy more effective? The
search for high leverage points by the multidisciplinary Dutch expert team
‘Energy System 2050’
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/sres.3039
- Rosenbloom et al. (2019) – Stability and climate policy? Harnessing
insights on path dependence, policy feedback, and transition pathways
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2214629618302755
HC3
- de Winkel et al. (2025) – Adapting to limited grid capacity: Perceptions of
injustice emerging from grid congestion in the Netherlands
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221462962500043X?via
%3Dihub
- Juwet & Deruytter (2021) – Territorial and institutional obduracy in
regional transition: politicising the case of Flanders’ energy distribution
system
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352716560_Territorial_and_instit
utional_obduracy_in_regional_transition_politicising_the_case_of_Flanders'_
energy_distribution_system
HC 4
- Koelman et al. (2024) – Squeezing in- Land-use conflicts of urban energy
transitions in densification
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02513625.2024.2471168
- Juwet (2020) - Exploring the ambiguous socio-spatial potential of collective
heating in Flanders. Planning and design as lever for a sustainable energy
transition
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09654313.2019.1698519
- van der Wal et al. (2025) – Hoe ontwerpkracht ons gaat helpen in
de wickedness van Energieplanologie
HC 5
- Olesen (2023) – Reviving strategic spatial planning for the challenges
ahead
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09654313.2023.2231500
- Koelman et al. (2025) - Stepping up regionally
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214629625003093?via
%3Dihub
HC 6
- Gerritsen (2025) – Strategic energy planning as irritation by design
(Chapter 7 from PhD thesis, pp. 233-271)
https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/handle/2066/319263
- Poulter et al. (2025) – Accelerating transitions? Planning for
decarbonisation in local and regional energy systems
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214629624004663?via
%3Dihub
- Browse through the following three websites: integrated programming;
energy system & space; transition time
HC 7
,- Karvonen et al. (2025) - Heterogeneous energy infrastructures in Europe:
layering and orchestrating Positive Energy Districts
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11625-025-01676-w
- Healey Trulsrud & van der Leer (2024) - Towards a positive energy balance:
A comparative analysis of the planning and design of four positive energy
districts and neighbourhoods in Norway and Sweden
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378778824005450
,Gerritsen 2023 - Energy and Strategic Energy Planning
Main idea
The transition from fossil-based to renewable energy systems fundamentally
reshapes the relationship between energy and space. This requires
strategic energy planning — an integrated approach that systematically links
the production, distribution, and consumption of energy with spatial use,
meaning, and planning practices.
1. Definition and context
Strategic energy planning emphasizes the energy–space nexus: how
energy systems affect and depend on spatial organization.
The renewable energy transition compels both energy planners and
spatial planners to coordinate their practices and objectives more
closely.
Moving from centralized fossil systems to decentralized renewable systems
changes how space is used, valued, and contested.
2. The “spatial turn” in energy planning
Fossil energy systems are centralized, rely on point sources, and
occupy relatively little space.
Renewable energy systems (solar, wind) are distributed and require
large, visible, and often inhabited spaces.
This shift transforms landscapes and creates “new energy spaces”
(Bridge & Gailing, 2020) that highlight the spatial embeddedness of
energy.
Energy planning research has thus experienced a spatial turn, focusing
on the spatial dimensions and implications of energy transitions (Calvert et
al., 2019).
3. The “energy turn” in spatial planning
The renewable energy transition also challenges the discipline of spatial
planning.
Planning decisions can intentionally or unintentionally shape energy
production, distribution, and consumption patterns (Stoeglehner et al.,
2011).
Strategic energy planning goes beyond land-use allocation for
renewable infrastructure; it calls for policy innovation, institutional
reform, and multifunctional land-use strategies (Kempenaar et al.,
2021).
Research explicitly connecting energy and spatial planning is still limited,
mostly focused on Denmark and Sweden (Sperling et al., 2011; Wretling
et al., 2018).
, 4. The complexities of integrating energy and spatial planning (Dutch
case)
Since 2019, the Netherlands has implemented a regional approach through 30
Regional Energy Strategies (RES), involving municipalities, provinces, and
water authorities.
Although national targets may be met, implementation is highly challenging,
for four key reasons:
1. Different planning logics
o Energy planning follows a logic of optimization and efficiency,
o Spatial planning follows political-administrative and
jurisdictional logics (Gerritsen et al., 2022).
o These different rationales lead to misaligned timelines and decision
criteria.
2. Limited knowledge and high uncertainty
o The spatial consequences of the energy transition are still poorly
understood.
o Policymakers face uncertainty and spatial decision dilemmas
(Koelman et al., 2018).
3. Narrow scope of energy planning
o Most RES focus mainly on generation (solar, wind), while
neglecting transport, storage, and infrastructure.
o Interactions between energy and other spatial domains (housing,
mobility, industry) are largely overlooked.
4. Knowledge gaps and communication barriers
o Energy planners and spatial planners lack mutual understanding
of each other’s domains.
o They use different “planning vocabularies”, limiting
coordination (Janssen et al., 2022).
5. Conclusion
The renewable energy transition reinforces the spatial nature of
energy systems and infrastructures.
It calls on planners in both domains to jointly consider how energy
production, distribution, and consumption shape spatial planning — and
vice versa.
Strategic energy planning is still an emerging and unstable practice
(Boezeman & Kooij, 2015).
Further empirical and institutional research is needed to understand
how integrated energy–spatial planning can evolve across different
governance contexts.
HC 1
- Gerritsen (2023)
https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/300486/300486.pdf
- Kooij et al. (2025)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210422425000620
HC 2
- de Gooyert et al. (2024) - How to make climate policy more effective? The
search for high leverage points by the multidisciplinary Dutch expert team
‘Energy System 2050’
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/sres.3039
- Rosenbloom et al. (2019) – Stability and climate policy? Harnessing
insights on path dependence, policy feedback, and transition pathways
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2214629618302755
HC3
- de Winkel et al. (2025) – Adapting to limited grid capacity: Perceptions of
injustice emerging from grid congestion in the Netherlands
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221462962500043X?via
%3Dihub
- Juwet & Deruytter (2021) – Territorial and institutional obduracy in
regional transition: politicising the case of Flanders’ energy distribution
system
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352716560_Territorial_and_instit
utional_obduracy_in_regional_transition_politicising_the_case_of_Flanders'_
energy_distribution_system
HC 4
- Koelman et al. (2024) – Squeezing in- Land-use conflicts of urban energy
transitions in densification
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02513625.2024.2471168
- Juwet (2020) - Exploring the ambiguous socio-spatial potential of collective
heating in Flanders. Planning and design as lever for a sustainable energy
transition
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09654313.2019.1698519
- van der Wal et al. (2025) – Hoe ontwerpkracht ons gaat helpen in
de wickedness van Energieplanologie
HC 5
- Olesen (2023) – Reviving strategic spatial planning for the challenges
ahead
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09654313.2023.2231500
- Koelman et al. (2025) - Stepping up regionally
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214629625003093?via
%3Dihub
HC 6
- Gerritsen (2025) – Strategic energy planning as irritation by design
(Chapter 7 from PhD thesis, pp. 233-271)
https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/handle/2066/319263
- Poulter et al. (2025) – Accelerating transitions? Planning for
decarbonisation in local and regional energy systems
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214629624004663?via
%3Dihub
- Browse through the following three websites: integrated programming;
energy system & space; transition time
HC 7
,- Karvonen et al. (2025) - Heterogeneous energy infrastructures in Europe:
layering and orchestrating Positive Energy Districts
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11625-025-01676-w
- Healey Trulsrud & van der Leer (2024) - Towards a positive energy balance:
A comparative analysis of the planning and design of four positive energy
districts and neighbourhoods in Norway and Sweden
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378778824005450
,Gerritsen 2023 - Energy and Strategic Energy Planning
Main idea
The transition from fossil-based to renewable energy systems fundamentally
reshapes the relationship between energy and space. This requires
strategic energy planning — an integrated approach that systematically links
the production, distribution, and consumption of energy with spatial use,
meaning, and planning practices.
1. Definition and context
Strategic energy planning emphasizes the energy–space nexus: how
energy systems affect and depend on spatial organization.
The renewable energy transition compels both energy planners and
spatial planners to coordinate their practices and objectives more
closely.
Moving from centralized fossil systems to decentralized renewable systems
changes how space is used, valued, and contested.
2. The “spatial turn” in energy planning
Fossil energy systems are centralized, rely on point sources, and
occupy relatively little space.
Renewable energy systems (solar, wind) are distributed and require
large, visible, and often inhabited spaces.
This shift transforms landscapes and creates “new energy spaces”
(Bridge & Gailing, 2020) that highlight the spatial embeddedness of
energy.
Energy planning research has thus experienced a spatial turn, focusing
on the spatial dimensions and implications of energy transitions (Calvert et
al., 2019).
3. The “energy turn” in spatial planning
The renewable energy transition also challenges the discipline of spatial
planning.
Planning decisions can intentionally or unintentionally shape energy
production, distribution, and consumption patterns (Stoeglehner et al.,
2011).
Strategic energy planning goes beyond land-use allocation for
renewable infrastructure; it calls for policy innovation, institutional
reform, and multifunctional land-use strategies (Kempenaar et al.,
2021).
Research explicitly connecting energy and spatial planning is still limited,
mostly focused on Denmark and Sweden (Sperling et al., 2011; Wretling
et al., 2018).
, 4. The complexities of integrating energy and spatial planning (Dutch
case)
Since 2019, the Netherlands has implemented a regional approach through 30
Regional Energy Strategies (RES), involving municipalities, provinces, and
water authorities.
Although national targets may be met, implementation is highly challenging,
for four key reasons:
1. Different planning logics
o Energy planning follows a logic of optimization and efficiency,
o Spatial planning follows political-administrative and
jurisdictional logics (Gerritsen et al., 2022).
o These different rationales lead to misaligned timelines and decision
criteria.
2. Limited knowledge and high uncertainty
o The spatial consequences of the energy transition are still poorly
understood.
o Policymakers face uncertainty and spatial decision dilemmas
(Koelman et al., 2018).
3. Narrow scope of energy planning
o Most RES focus mainly on generation (solar, wind), while
neglecting transport, storage, and infrastructure.
o Interactions between energy and other spatial domains (housing,
mobility, industry) are largely overlooked.
4. Knowledge gaps and communication barriers
o Energy planners and spatial planners lack mutual understanding
of each other’s domains.
o They use different “planning vocabularies”, limiting
coordination (Janssen et al., 2022).
5. Conclusion
The renewable energy transition reinforces the spatial nature of
energy systems and infrastructures.
It calls on planners in both domains to jointly consider how energy
production, distribution, and consumption shape spatial planning — and
vice versa.
Strategic energy planning is still an emerging and unstable practice
(Boezeman & Kooij, 2015).
Further empirical and institutional research is needed to understand
how integrated energy–spatial planning can evolve across different
governance contexts.
