NR 507 / NR507 Advanced
Pathophysiology Midterm 170
questions and correct answers
Where does blood cell formation occur in a fetus
3 weeks - yolk
week 8 - fetal liver and spleen
5th month - bone marrow
Blood cell formation in chidren 0-5 years old
red marrow of all bones to make blood cells
blood cell formation in adults over 20
red marrow in large bones
-illium, vertebrae, cranium, jaw, sternum, ribs, humerus, and femur
Erythropietin
Produce: Kidney (small amount in liver)
Released: Kidney
Target: Bone Marrow
Functions: Stimulates bone marrow to produce more red blood cells
,hematopoietic stem cells
The stem cells that give rise to RBC WBC and platelets through the process
of haematopoiesis.
How does a hematopoietic stem cell produce a red blood cell
hematopoietic stem cells produces an unndifferentiated hemocytoblast
- erythropoietin binds to it and createsa a proerythroblast
- cell develops into an erythrocyte 7 days later
Erythrocyte function
transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
Erythrocyte life span
120 days
anemia risk factors
acute or chronic blood loss, increased hemolysis, inadequate dietary intake
or malabsorption, bone marrow suppression, age
,function of hemoglobin
In red blood cells, carries oxygen from the lungs to body's tissues and returns
carbon dioxide from tissues back to lungs. It also maintains the shape of red
blood cells.
causes of anemia
- impaired RBC production
- excessive blood loss
- increased RBC destruction
hemolytic anemia
premature destruction of RBCs
causes of hemolytic anemia
infection
transfusion reaction
hemolytic disease of the newborn (Rh incompatibility)
autoimmune reaction
drug induced
development of anemia due to gastrectomy
loss of intrinsic factor from surgery results in the loss of protein necessary for
vitamin B12 absorption an can lead to anemia
, what kind of anemia can result from incorrect blood transfusion
hemolytic anemia
normocytic normochromic anemia
Characterized by red cells that are relatively normal in size and hemoglobin
content but insufficient in number
hemolytic anemia is what kind of anemia
normocytic normochromic anemia
polycythemia vera
condition characterized by too many erythrocytes; blood becomes too thick
to flow easily through blood vessels
Kidney Anatomy
renal artery renal vein cortex, medulla, renal pelvis ureter renal pyramid
nephron
Nephron Anatomy
1. glomerulus
2. bowman's capsule
Pathophysiology Midterm 170
questions and correct answers
Where does blood cell formation occur in a fetus
3 weeks - yolk
week 8 - fetal liver and spleen
5th month - bone marrow
Blood cell formation in chidren 0-5 years old
red marrow of all bones to make blood cells
blood cell formation in adults over 20
red marrow in large bones
-illium, vertebrae, cranium, jaw, sternum, ribs, humerus, and femur
Erythropietin
Produce: Kidney (small amount in liver)
Released: Kidney
Target: Bone Marrow
Functions: Stimulates bone marrow to produce more red blood cells
,hematopoietic stem cells
The stem cells that give rise to RBC WBC and platelets through the process
of haematopoiesis.
How does a hematopoietic stem cell produce a red blood cell
hematopoietic stem cells produces an unndifferentiated hemocytoblast
- erythropoietin binds to it and createsa a proerythroblast
- cell develops into an erythrocyte 7 days later
Erythrocyte function
transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
Erythrocyte life span
120 days
anemia risk factors
acute or chronic blood loss, increased hemolysis, inadequate dietary intake
or malabsorption, bone marrow suppression, age
,function of hemoglobin
In red blood cells, carries oxygen from the lungs to body's tissues and returns
carbon dioxide from tissues back to lungs. It also maintains the shape of red
blood cells.
causes of anemia
- impaired RBC production
- excessive blood loss
- increased RBC destruction
hemolytic anemia
premature destruction of RBCs
causes of hemolytic anemia
infection
transfusion reaction
hemolytic disease of the newborn (Rh incompatibility)
autoimmune reaction
drug induced
development of anemia due to gastrectomy
loss of intrinsic factor from surgery results in the loss of protein necessary for
vitamin B12 absorption an can lead to anemia
, what kind of anemia can result from incorrect blood transfusion
hemolytic anemia
normocytic normochromic anemia
Characterized by red cells that are relatively normal in size and hemoglobin
content but insufficient in number
hemolytic anemia is what kind of anemia
normocytic normochromic anemia
polycythemia vera
condition characterized by too many erythrocytes; blood becomes too thick
to flow easily through blood vessels
Kidney Anatomy
renal artery renal vein cortex, medulla, renal pelvis ureter renal pyramid
nephron
Nephron Anatomy
1. glomerulus
2. bowman's capsule
