ASM 246 EXAM 2 REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE UPGRADED SOLUTIONS
Living in social groups has both costs and benefits. (a) Give three costs of living in social groups (b) -
answer ✔✔-1.Competition 2. Conflicts of Interest 3. Disease transmission
Give three different categories of benefits of living in social groups. (Hint: they don't all start with D). -
answer ✔✔-1. Detection, 2. Dilution, 3. Deterrence. Protection from predators, defense of food,
Services provided, Territorial defense (
How does living in groups reduce the risk of predation? - answer ✔✔-Being part of a population means
that predators will most likely go after other animals, thus lowering an animal's chance of being eaten.
In female-bonded, multi-male species of primates, such as macaques and baboons, matrilineally related
females often occupy adjacent positions in the dominance hierarchy. Typically, a female's daughters
rank directly above her in the hierarchy. (a) Use Hamilton's rule to explain why (a) - answer ✔✔-due
fertility females are more protective by the male's
dominance hierarchies take this form in these species. (Hint: think about the costs and benefits of
helping another individual in a dominance contest)., and (b) why mothers drop in rank below their
daughters. - answer ✔✔-Mothers are willing to sacrifice themselves in order to protect their daughters
For the four ape species, gibbons, orangutans, gorillas, and chimpanzees describe where each species
lives, it's typical diet, kind of mating system and form of its social groups. - answer ✔✔-1.Gibbons-
Southeast Asia, 75% is fruit seeds and insects,serial monogamous pairs
2.Orangutans- rainforests of the Southeast Asian islands of Borneo and Sumatra, bark, leaves, flowers, a
variety of insects, and most importantly, over 300 kinds of fruit, bimaturism
3.Gorillas- Rwanda, Congo, Uganda, About 67% of their diet is fruit, 17% is leaves, seeds and stems and
3% is termites and caterpillars, Polygyny
4. Chimpanzees-Southern Senegal, Fruit above all, Multi-male system
, 5. Draw a phylogeny of the for the five ape species, gorillas, orangutans, , chimpanzees, humans, and
gibbons - answer ✔✔-...HCGOG
humans and chimps then gorillas, orangutans and then gibbons
Male and female siamangs (a form of large gibbon) are about the same size and have similar sized
canines. In contrast, male gorillas are much larger than female gorillas and have much larger canines.
Describe the composition of social groups and patterns of parental care of siamangs and gorillas. Explain
how these social systems are related to the fact that gorillas are sexually dimorphic, while siamangs are
not. - answer ✔✔-.Gorillas are more polygyny one male and Siamangs are composed of paris and
monogamy. This is related to sexual dimorphic because male gorillas act as protection for groups until
the male offspring grow.
Draw a phylogeny of the primates that includes branches for the following groups: lemurs, lorises,
tarsiers, Old World monkeys, New World monkeys, and apes. Which groups are included in the
prosimians and which in the anthropoids? Use the phylogeny to explain why the division into the
anthropoids and prosimians is an evolutionary taxonomy rather than cladistic - answer ✔✔-...photo on
phone
The text provides a list of nine features that characterizes primates. Name all of the features on this list.
- answer ✔✔-1.specialized hands and feet (pentadactyly, prehensile hands and feet, opposable thumbs
and big toes, flat nails, heightened sense of touch);
2.specialized forelimbs (ability to rotate and flex, presence of clavicle, or collarbone; brachiation);
3.visual acuity (stereoscopic vision, color vision);
4.an omnivorous diet;
5.a small number of offspring at birth;
6.prolongation of pregnancy and infancy;
7.enlargement of the brain, especially the cerebral cortex
8.complexity of social behavior;
Suppose that female primates carried their young internally during pregnancy, but males were able to
lactate (produce milk) for their offspring. What factors would influence the kind of parenting strategies
that you would expect to see among these unique kinds of primates? That is, what factors would
determine whether males care for offspring, females care for offspring, or both parents care for
COMPLETE UPGRADED SOLUTIONS
Living in social groups has both costs and benefits. (a) Give three costs of living in social groups (b) -
answer ✔✔-1.Competition 2. Conflicts of Interest 3. Disease transmission
Give three different categories of benefits of living in social groups. (Hint: they don't all start with D). -
answer ✔✔-1. Detection, 2. Dilution, 3. Deterrence. Protection from predators, defense of food,
Services provided, Territorial defense (
How does living in groups reduce the risk of predation? - answer ✔✔-Being part of a population means
that predators will most likely go after other animals, thus lowering an animal's chance of being eaten.
In female-bonded, multi-male species of primates, such as macaques and baboons, matrilineally related
females often occupy adjacent positions in the dominance hierarchy. Typically, a female's daughters
rank directly above her in the hierarchy. (a) Use Hamilton's rule to explain why (a) - answer ✔✔-due
fertility females are more protective by the male's
dominance hierarchies take this form in these species. (Hint: think about the costs and benefits of
helping another individual in a dominance contest)., and (b) why mothers drop in rank below their
daughters. - answer ✔✔-Mothers are willing to sacrifice themselves in order to protect their daughters
For the four ape species, gibbons, orangutans, gorillas, and chimpanzees describe where each species
lives, it's typical diet, kind of mating system and form of its social groups. - answer ✔✔-1.Gibbons-
Southeast Asia, 75% is fruit seeds and insects,serial monogamous pairs
2.Orangutans- rainforests of the Southeast Asian islands of Borneo and Sumatra, bark, leaves, flowers, a
variety of insects, and most importantly, over 300 kinds of fruit, bimaturism
3.Gorillas- Rwanda, Congo, Uganda, About 67% of their diet is fruit, 17% is leaves, seeds and stems and
3% is termites and caterpillars, Polygyny
4. Chimpanzees-Southern Senegal, Fruit above all, Multi-male system
, 5. Draw a phylogeny of the for the five ape species, gorillas, orangutans, , chimpanzees, humans, and
gibbons - answer ✔✔-...HCGOG
humans and chimps then gorillas, orangutans and then gibbons
Male and female siamangs (a form of large gibbon) are about the same size and have similar sized
canines. In contrast, male gorillas are much larger than female gorillas and have much larger canines.
Describe the composition of social groups and patterns of parental care of siamangs and gorillas. Explain
how these social systems are related to the fact that gorillas are sexually dimorphic, while siamangs are
not. - answer ✔✔-.Gorillas are more polygyny one male and Siamangs are composed of paris and
monogamy. This is related to sexual dimorphic because male gorillas act as protection for groups until
the male offspring grow.
Draw a phylogeny of the primates that includes branches for the following groups: lemurs, lorises,
tarsiers, Old World monkeys, New World monkeys, and apes. Which groups are included in the
prosimians and which in the anthropoids? Use the phylogeny to explain why the division into the
anthropoids and prosimians is an evolutionary taxonomy rather than cladistic - answer ✔✔-...photo on
phone
The text provides a list of nine features that characterizes primates. Name all of the features on this list.
- answer ✔✔-1.specialized hands and feet (pentadactyly, prehensile hands and feet, opposable thumbs
and big toes, flat nails, heightened sense of touch);
2.specialized forelimbs (ability to rotate and flex, presence of clavicle, or collarbone; brachiation);
3.visual acuity (stereoscopic vision, color vision);
4.an omnivorous diet;
5.a small number of offspring at birth;
6.prolongation of pregnancy and infancy;
7.enlargement of the brain, especially the cerebral cortex
8.complexity of social behavior;
Suppose that female primates carried their young internally during pregnancy, but males were able to
lactate (produce milk) for their offspring. What factors would influence the kind of parenting strategies
that you would expect to see among these unique kinds of primates? That is, what factors would
determine whether males care for offspring, females care for offspring, or both parents care for
