Certified Rhythm Analysis Technician (CRAT)
FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS BANK AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED PASS
<LATEST VERSION>
1. Transtelephonic Monitoring - ANSWER ✓ Transmitted over phone to a
LICENSED practitioner to read (magnetic tape), Patients use up to 30 days
2. Digital Monitoring - ANSWER ✓ Transmitted over a computer where report
is verified by a licensed practitioner
3. Telemedicine monitoring is usually used to evaluate_____________ -
ANSWER ✓ Artificial Pacemaker Functioning
4. Ambulatory Monitor - ANSWER ✓ Most common type is holter monitor
(continuous or intermittent-only records when patient has symptoms. Used
for dysrhythmias, evaluation cardic meds, and checking pacemakers-24-48
hrs-up to 30 days
5. Procedure for applying ambulatory monitor (holter) - ANSWER ✓ Educate
patient, equipment gathered and prepared, electrodes placed on chest,
equipment hooked up
6. Procedure for removing - ANSWER ✓ before removing, diary must be
complete by patient, then turn off recording, remove electrodes, clean skin,
report results
*process is based on type of equipment uses
7. Functions of common ECG machine - ANSWER ✓ 3 basic functions are
input, signal processing, output display. Sensors in ECG machine serve as
receiving devices for the electrical activity of the heart.
INPUT-Electrode placed on patients skin direct impulses to ECG
instrument, providing the input. Signal processing happens in ECG machine,
output display is the result of processing and is shown on screen (known as
, oscilloscope) and/or on ECG tracings. Electronic output is quickly becoming
most common choice for ECG tracings.
8. ECG machine controls - ANSWER ✓ # most common are speed, gain,
artifact filter.
also have these controls: LCD display, heart rate limits, standardization, and
lead section
9. Speed control - ANSWER ✓ regulates how fast or slow the paper or data run
during procedure. MOST COMMONLY USED: 25 mm/sec
*increasing the speed for example to 50mm/sec will make wave forms
appear wider and is useful if patient heart rate is very fast. if you change the
speed you must note on tracing by circling the setting on tracing and notify
the healthcare provider
*speed in measure on a horizontial axis
10.Gain - ANSWER ✓ control on ECG machine that increases or decreases size
of ECG tracing. Normal setting is 10mm/mV. 20mm/V will double size and
5mm/V will reduce size by half
NEED TO KNOW mV is a millivolt-unit of measurement to indicate
voltage- Voltage is measures on a vertical axis
11.Chronotropic - ANSWER ✓ heart rate
12.Inotropic - ANSWER ✓ force of myocardial contractility
13.Dromotropic - ANSWER ✓ conduction velocity through the AV node
14.Systole - ANSWER ✓ contraction of chamber, blood is being ejected.
Pressure rises during systole.
15.Diastole - ANSWER ✓ rest, relaxation of chamber, chamber is allowed to
fill. Pressure falls during diastole.
16.Stroke Volume - ANSWER ✓ the amount of blood left ventricle pumps in
each beat. (mL/beat)
,17.Cardiac output- definition - ANSWER ✓ The amount of blood pumped into
the aorta each minute. (units= mL/min)
18.Cardiac output- equation - ANSWER ✓ (HR) X (Stroke Volume) Avg.
healthy adult= 4-8 L/min
19.Venous return - ANSWER ✓ amount of blood flowing into the right heart
from the systemic ciruclation
20.Blood Pressure- definition - ANSWER ✓ force exerted by the blood against
the walls of the arteries as the ventricles contract and relax
21.Blood pressure- equation - ANSWER ✓ (cardiac output) X (peripheral
resistance) or you could put it another way: (HR)(Stroke Volume)(Peripheral
Resistance)
22.An increase in Potassium or decrease in Calcium cause the heart to be ____.
- ANSWER ✓ flaccid, limp, dilated, lower HR
23.Excess Calcium can cause the heart to be _____. - ANSWER ✓ spastic
contractions.
24.Although about 70% of ventricular filling occurs passively, ______ ______
contributes an additional 10% to 30% of blood flow to ventricular filling. -
ANSWER ✓ atrial kick
25.The area in the middle of the thoracic cavity in which the heart lies is the: -
ANSWER ✓ Mediastinum
26.The inferior surface of the heart is formed by the - ANSWER ✓ Right and
left ventricles
27.What pacemaker complications involves irregular pacemaker intervals with
slower that set rate impulses and no visual packer spike? - ANSWER ✓
Malfuctioning
28.Potassium and __________ are needed in order for the heart to function
normally - ANSWER ✓ Calcium
, 29.Premature atrial contractions are rarely dangerous but with what condition
could this be an early sign of heart failure or electrolyte imbalance? -
ANSWER ✓ Acute myocardial infarction
30.As an electrical current travels toward the negative pole on an ecg, the
waveform defects in which direction? - ANSWER ✓ Downward
31.Late ventricular depolarization is represented by? - ANSWER ✓ S wave
32.Why is the left side of the heart thicker than the right? - ANSWER ✓ It
pumps blood back to all the parts of the body
33.What starts at the beginning of the p wave and stops at the begging of the
QRS complex? - ANSWER ✓ PR interval
34.A common cause of artificial on a cardiac rhythm strip would be
considered? - ANSWER ✓ Somatic tremors
35.How many leads does a 24 hour holter monitor have? - ANSWER ✓ 5
36.If there is a preconfigured group of orders which are commonly ordered
together for a specific diagnosis or condition would be? - ANSWER ✓
Order set
37.A single chamber pacemaker has one lead inserted into either the right
atrium or? - ANSWER ✓ Right ventricle
38.If a patient is experiencing ventricular fibrillation where in the heart would
the electrical impulses come from? - ANSWER ✓ Many different foci
39.What condition would be a biventricualr pacer typically be used for? -
ANSWER ✓ Pre cardiac transplant patients
40.The heart activity that begins with atrial depolarization and ends with the
start of ventricular depolarization is know as? - ANSWER ✓ PR interval
FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS BANK AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED PASS
<LATEST VERSION>
1. Transtelephonic Monitoring - ANSWER ✓ Transmitted over phone to a
LICENSED practitioner to read (magnetic tape), Patients use up to 30 days
2. Digital Monitoring - ANSWER ✓ Transmitted over a computer where report
is verified by a licensed practitioner
3. Telemedicine monitoring is usually used to evaluate_____________ -
ANSWER ✓ Artificial Pacemaker Functioning
4. Ambulatory Monitor - ANSWER ✓ Most common type is holter monitor
(continuous or intermittent-only records when patient has symptoms. Used
for dysrhythmias, evaluation cardic meds, and checking pacemakers-24-48
hrs-up to 30 days
5. Procedure for applying ambulatory monitor (holter) - ANSWER ✓ Educate
patient, equipment gathered and prepared, electrodes placed on chest,
equipment hooked up
6. Procedure for removing - ANSWER ✓ before removing, diary must be
complete by patient, then turn off recording, remove electrodes, clean skin,
report results
*process is based on type of equipment uses
7. Functions of common ECG machine - ANSWER ✓ 3 basic functions are
input, signal processing, output display. Sensors in ECG machine serve as
receiving devices for the electrical activity of the heart.
INPUT-Electrode placed on patients skin direct impulses to ECG
instrument, providing the input. Signal processing happens in ECG machine,
output display is the result of processing and is shown on screen (known as
, oscilloscope) and/or on ECG tracings. Electronic output is quickly becoming
most common choice for ECG tracings.
8. ECG machine controls - ANSWER ✓ # most common are speed, gain,
artifact filter.
also have these controls: LCD display, heart rate limits, standardization, and
lead section
9. Speed control - ANSWER ✓ regulates how fast or slow the paper or data run
during procedure. MOST COMMONLY USED: 25 mm/sec
*increasing the speed for example to 50mm/sec will make wave forms
appear wider and is useful if patient heart rate is very fast. if you change the
speed you must note on tracing by circling the setting on tracing and notify
the healthcare provider
*speed in measure on a horizontial axis
10.Gain - ANSWER ✓ control on ECG machine that increases or decreases size
of ECG tracing. Normal setting is 10mm/mV. 20mm/V will double size and
5mm/V will reduce size by half
NEED TO KNOW mV is a millivolt-unit of measurement to indicate
voltage- Voltage is measures on a vertical axis
11.Chronotropic - ANSWER ✓ heart rate
12.Inotropic - ANSWER ✓ force of myocardial contractility
13.Dromotropic - ANSWER ✓ conduction velocity through the AV node
14.Systole - ANSWER ✓ contraction of chamber, blood is being ejected.
Pressure rises during systole.
15.Diastole - ANSWER ✓ rest, relaxation of chamber, chamber is allowed to
fill. Pressure falls during diastole.
16.Stroke Volume - ANSWER ✓ the amount of blood left ventricle pumps in
each beat. (mL/beat)
,17.Cardiac output- definition - ANSWER ✓ The amount of blood pumped into
the aorta each minute. (units= mL/min)
18.Cardiac output- equation - ANSWER ✓ (HR) X (Stroke Volume) Avg.
healthy adult= 4-8 L/min
19.Venous return - ANSWER ✓ amount of blood flowing into the right heart
from the systemic ciruclation
20.Blood Pressure- definition - ANSWER ✓ force exerted by the blood against
the walls of the arteries as the ventricles contract and relax
21.Blood pressure- equation - ANSWER ✓ (cardiac output) X (peripheral
resistance) or you could put it another way: (HR)(Stroke Volume)(Peripheral
Resistance)
22.An increase in Potassium or decrease in Calcium cause the heart to be ____.
- ANSWER ✓ flaccid, limp, dilated, lower HR
23.Excess Calcium can cause the heart to be _____. - ANSWER ✓ spastic
contractions.
24.Although about 70% of ventricular filling occurs passively, ______ ______
contributes an additional 10% to 30% of blood flow to ventricular filling. -
ANSWER ✓ atrial kick
25.The area in the middle of the thoracic cavity in which the heart lies is the: -
ANSWER ✓ Mediastinum
26.The inferior surface of the heart is formed by the - ANSWER ✓ Right and
left ventricles
27.What pacemaker complications involves irregular pacemaker intervals with
slower that set rate impulses and no visual packer spike? - ANSWER ✓
Malfuctioning
28.Potassium and __________ are needed in order for the heart to function
normally - ANSWER ✓ Calcium
, 29.Premature atrial contractions are rarely dangerous but with what condition
could this be an early sign of heart failure or electrolyte imbalance? -
ANSWER ✓ Acute myocardial infarction
30.As an electrical current travels toward the negative pole on an ecg, the
waveform defects in which direction? - ANSWER ✓ Downward
31.Late ventricular depolarization is represented by? - ANSWER ✓ S wave
32.Why is the left side of the heart thicker than the right? - ANSWER ✓ It
pumps blood back to all the parts of the body
33.What starts at the beginning of the p wave and stops at the begging of the
QRS complex? - ANSWER ✓ PR interval
34.A common cause of artificial on a cardiac rhythm strip would be
considered? - ANSWER ✓ Somatic tremors
35.How many leads does a 24 hour holter monitor have? - ANSWER ✓ 5
36.If there is a preconfigured group of orders which are commonly ordered
together for a specific diagnosis or condition would be? - ANSWER ✓
Order set
37.A single chamber pacemaker has one lead inserted into either the right
atrium or? - ANSWER ✓ Right ventricle
38.If a patient is experiencing ventricular fibrillation where in the heart would
the electrical impulses come from? - ANSWER ✓ Many different foci
39.What condition would be a biventricualr pacer typically be used for? -
ANSWER ✓ Pre cardiac transplant patients
40.The heart activity that begins with atrial depolarization and ends with the
start of ventricular depolarization is know as? - ANSWER ✓ PR interval
