NSG 3500 EXAM 100 QUESTIONS & CORRECT
ANSWERS LATEST 2025
When is the APGAR score assigned? - ANSWER-At 1 and 5 minutes after birth
What are the five categories of the APGAR score? - ANSWER-1. HR
2. RR
3. muscle tone
4. reflex irritability (cry)
5. generalized skin color (coloring)
When the APGAR score is <9 at 5 minutes, it is more important to stabilize the
infant than keep them with mom. T/F? - ANSWER-True
What does each APGAR score mean? - ANSWER->7 = normal
4-6 = low
<3 = critical
What are the 4 factors that influence initiation of the first breath? - ANSWER-
Chemical factors: hypercarbia, acidosis, and hypoxia
Sensory factors: overwhelming stimuli aids in transition
Thermal factors: drastic change in temp aids in transition
Mechanical factors: thoracic squeeze through birth causes fluid release and
replacement with air
,Why does hypoxia, hypercarbia, and acidosis trigger respirations? - ANSWER--
hypoxia causes blood oxygen (PO2) levels to rise and pH to drop
- carbon dioxide levels (PCO2) begin to rise and prompt the resp center within the
medulla to initiate breathing
Periodic breathing in a newborn is not usually associated with any change in skin
color or HR. How long are these pauses? - ANSWER-5-15 seconds (approx 3
seconds is norm? P. 298)
What are indicators of respiratory difficulties in the newborn? - ANSWER-- apnea
(no breathing for more than 20 seconds)
- expiratory grunting
- wheezing
- nasal flaring
- retractions
- use of accessory muscles to breathe when at rest
- high RR
What are the five changes for successful cardiopulmonary adaptation? -
ANSWER-- increased aortic pressure
- decreased venous pressure
- increased systemic pressure
- decreased pulmonary pressure
- closure of foramen ovale, DA, and DV
What is the HR when baby is first born? - ANSWER-160-180 and then 30 min
later it goes to 120-160
, The baby cannot become hypoglycemic from heat loss. T/F? - ANSWER-False.
How do newborns respond to cold? - ANSWER-They burn brown adipose tissue
since they cannot shiver to maintain warmth
What can the nurse do to regulate temperature in the newborn? - ANSWER-- skin-
to-skin contact with mom and warm blankets
- dry head and place cap on baby
- warp baby in two warm blankets
- place unwrapped baby under radiator and monitor temp
- monitor axillary temp
- keep newborn away from drafts
babies can regulate their temp better in 24-48hrs
Blood volume is determined in large part by the timing of the umbilical cord
clamping. T/F? - ANSWER-True
_____________________ is seen in most newborns as oxygenated blood is
shunted to central area of the body and vital organs first. - ANSWER-Acrocyanosis
What are factors that affect blood glucose on newborns? - ANSWER-- small for
gestational age (SGA)
- large for gestational age (LGA)
- infants of diabetic mothers
- post-term or intrauterine growth restriction
ANSWERS LATEST 2025
When is the APGAR score assigned? - ANSWER-At 1 and 5 minutes after birth
What are the five categories of the APGAR score? - ANSWER-1. HR
2. RR
3. muscle tone
4. reflex irritability (cry)
5. generalized skin color (coloring)
When the APGAR score is <9 at 5 minutes, it is more important to stabilize the
infant than keep them with mom. T/F? - ANSWER-True
What does each APGAR score mean? - ANSWER->7 = normal
4-6 = low
<3 = critical
What are the 4 factors that influence initiation of the first breath? - ANSWER-
Chemical factors: hypercarbia, acidosis, and hypoxia
Sensory factors: overwhelming stimuli aids in transition
Thermal factors: drastic change in temp aids in transition
Mechanical factors: thoracic squeeze through birth causes fluid release and
replacement with air
,Why does hypoxia, hypercarbia, and acidosis trigger respirations? - ANSWER--
hypoxia causes blood oxygen (PO2) levels to rise and pH to drop
- carbon dioxide levels (PCO2) begin to rise and prompt the resp center within the
medulla to initiate breathing
Periodic breathing in a newborn is not usually associated with any change in skin
color or HR. How long are these pauses? - ANSWER-5-15 seconds (approx 3
seconds is norm? P. 298)
What are indicators of respiratory difficulties in the newborn? - ANSWER-- apnea
(no breathing for more than 20 seconds)
- expiratory grunting
- wheezing
- nasal flaring
- retractions
- use of accessory muscles to breathe when at rest
- high RR
What are the five changes for successful cardiopulmonary adaptation? -
ANSWER-- increased aortic pressure
- decreased venous pressure
- increased systemic pressure
- decreased pulmonary pressure
- closure of foramen ovale, DA, and DV
What is the HR when baby is first born? - ANSWER-160-180 and then 30 min
later it goes to 120-160
, The baby cannot become hypoglycemic from heat loss. T/F? - ANSWER-False.
How do newborns respond to cold? - ANSWER-They burn brown adipose tissue
since they cannot shiver to maintain warmth
What can the nurse do to regulate temperature in the newborn? - ANSWER-- skin-
to-skin contact with mom and warm blankets
- dry head and place cap on baby
- warp baby in two warm blankets
- place unwrapped baby under radiator and monitor temp
- monitor axillary temp
- keep newborn away from drafts
babies can regulate their temp better in 24-48hrs
Blood volume is determined in large part by the timing of the umbilical cord
clamping. T/F? - ANSWER-True
_____________________ is seen in most newborns as oxygenated blood is
shunted to central area of the body and vital organs first. - ANSWER-Acrocyanosis
What are factors that affect blood glucose on newborns? - ANSWER-- small for
gestational age (SGA)
- large for gestational age (LGA)
- infants of diabetic mothers
- post-term or intrauterine growth restriction
