NUR 511 Exam 1-Exam 4 Questions With
Correct Answers
S/S |Heart |failure |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Fatigue, |angina, |anxiety, |oliguria, |decreased |GI |
motility, |pale |cool |skin, |weight |gain |(2 |lb |in |a |day |3-5 |lb |in |a |week), |restlessness, |edema
Left |HF |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Backs |up |to |lungs, |pulmonary |edema. |Pleural |effusion. |
Crackles |in |lungs. |More |common |than |right. |DOE, |SOB, |PND, |nonproductive |cough, |pink |frothy
|sputum, |orthopnea, |pulmonary |crackles, |fa |IgE, |weakness, |activity |intolerance, |dry |cough, |
nocturnal |cough, |S3 |and |S4, |dizziness |syncope, |palpitations/ |tachycardia, |nocturia,
|pale/cyanosis, |displaced |PMI, |anxiety, |depression.
Right |HF |or |Cor |pulmonale |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Result |of |either |left |ventricular |failure |or |
CoPD |and |pulmonary |hypertension. |Peripheral |edema. |Ascites. |JVD. |Anorexia, |nausea, |
abdominal |distinction, |RUQ |pain |(liver |distention), |murmurs, |anasarca, |tachycardia, |
hepatomegaly, |splenomegaly, |anxiety, |depression.
Stroke |volume |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Made |up |of |preload, |contractility, |afterload.
Compensatory |mechanisms |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-SNS |activation- |catacholamine |release |
(increase |HR, |BP, |vasoconstriction |in |periphery, |workload |on |heart)
RAAS- |hold |onto |water |and |salt, |increase |volume |and |vasoconstriction
ADH- |hold |onto |water |and |salt
Natriuretic |peptide- |diuretic |and |vasodilation |properties= |BNP= |specific |marker |for |HF.
Hypertrophic- |can't |fill
Dilation- |can't |squeeze
,HF |classifications |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Low |numbers |good, |high |bad. |A |is |good, |D |is |bad.
HF |diagnosis |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-BNP |elevated, |BUN |and |creatinine |elevated,
Ejection |fraction |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Greater |than |60 |is |normal
40-60 |moderate |HF
20-40 |mod |to |severe |HF
Less |than |20 |severe |HF
Serum |BUN |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Kidney |function
Normal |is |10-20 |mg/dL
Serum |creatinine |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Kidney |function |
Normal |is |0.5-1.2
Hyperkalemia |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Potassium |greater |than |5.1
Causes: |renal |failure, |excessive |KCl, |excessive |use |of |salt |substitutes.
Hyponatremia |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Sodium |level |135 |mEq/L |or |less
Causes: |inadequate |sodium |intake, |potent |diuretics, |retention |of |fluids |(heart |or |kidney |
failure).
Hypernatremia |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Sodium |level |greater |than |145 |mEq/L
Causes: |decreased |water |intake |or |excessive |loss |of |water.
BNP |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Levels |over |700pg/mL |indicate |decompensated |HF.
,LFTs |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-AST, |ALT, |LDH, |Alkaline |phosphatase, |Gamma |GT.
SPO2 |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Should |be |90% |or |greater. |Less |than |85 |is |serious. |Less |than |70 |
is |deadly.
Edema |scale |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-+1 |is |slight: |rapidly |returns |to |normal
+2 |: |normal |in |10-15 |sec
+3: |normal |in |1-2 |min
+4: |normal |in |2-5 |min
ACEs |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-End |in |"pril". |Used |to |prevent |kidney |damage, |prevent |
remodeling |of |heart, |and |reduce |BP.
Beta |blockers |for |HF |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Carvedilol, |metoprolol |XL, |zebeta. |Block |
catacholamines.
Natrecor |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Synthetic |BNP. |Profound |vasodilator. |Used |for |
decompensated |HF, |watch |BP, |IV |infusion |only, |BNP |will |be |elevated |obviously...
Digoxin |toxicity |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Nausea, |vomiting, |anorexia, |dysrhythmias, |
bradycardia, |tachycardia, |headache, |fatigue, |blurred |vision, |colored |vision.
Primary |cardiomyopathy |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Idiopathic |cardiomyopathy
Secondary |cardiomyopathy |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Cardiomyopathy |caused |by |another |
disease.
, Dilated |cardiomyopathy |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Can't |squeeze, |most |common |type, |cause |of |
sudden |cardiac |death, |big |boggy |heart.
Caused |by |cardiotoxic |agents |(alcohol), |infections, |diseases, |pregnancy.
HF |symptoms, |S3 |and |S4, |at |risk |for |blood |clots!
Blood |clot |right |side- |pulmonary |embolism
Blood |clot |left |side- |brain |(stroke), |legs, |kidneys
Treat |by |stopping |alcohol/drugs, |same |mess |as |HF, |anticoagulants
Avoid |alcohol, |infections/crowds, |family |should |learn |CPR.
Hypertrophic |cardiomyopathy |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Can't |fill, |super |thick |walled. |Occurs |in |
young |adult |men! |
Caused |by |genetic |link, |chronic |hypertension, |aortic |stenosis.
S/S: |some |asymptomatic, |exertion |all |dyspnea, |angina, |exertion |all |syncope, |fatigue, |dizziness, |
palpitations, |dysrhythmias, |laterally |displaced |PMI |(low |and |to |the |left), |murmur, |crackles, |S4.
Echo |is |primary |diagnostic |tool.
Treatment |is |to |decrease |contractility, |relax |heart: |beta |blockers, |calcium |channel |blockers, |
Digoxin, |anticoagulants. |No |inotropes! |No |nitro!
Limit |strenuous |activity! |Activity |restriction.
Elevate |foot |of |bed
Infective |endocarditis |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Infection |inside |the |heart, |usually |of |the |heart |
valves. |
IV |drug |users |common! |
Flu |like |symptoms, |low |grade |fever |(101-102).
Correct Answers
S/S |Heart |failure |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Fatigue, |angina, |anxiety, |oliguria, |decreased |GI |
motility, |pale |cool |skin, |weight |gain |(2 |lb |in |a |day |3-5 |lb |in |a |week), |restlessness, |edema
Left |HF |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Backs |up |to |lungs, |pulmonary |edema. |Pleural |effusion. |
Crackles |in |lungs. |More |common |than |right. |DOE, |SOB, |PND, |nonproductive |cough, |pink |frothy
|sputum, |orthopnea, |pulmonary |crackles, |fa |IgE, |weakness, |activity |intolerance, |dry |cough, |
nocturnal |cough, |S3 |and |S4, |dizziness |syncope, |palpitations/ |tachycardia, |nocturia,
|pale/cyanosis, |displaced |PMI, |anxiety, |depression.
Right |HF |or |Cor |pulmonale |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Result |of |either |left |ventricular |failure |or |
CoPD |and |pulmonary |hypertension. |Peripheral |edema. |Ascites. |JVD. |Anorexia, |nausea, |
abdominal |distinction, |RUQ |pain |(liver |distention), |murmurs, |anasarca, |tachycardia, |
hepatomegaly, |splenomegaly, |anxiety, |depression.
Stroke |volume |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Made |up |of |preload, |contractility, |afterload.
Compensatory |mechanisms |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-SNS |activation- |catacholamine |release |
(increase |HR, |BP, |vasoconstriction |in |periphery, |workload |on |heart)
RAAS- |hold |onto |water |and |salt, |increase |volume |and |vasoconstriction
ADH- |hold |onto |water |and |salt
Natriuretic |peptide- |diuretic |and |vasodilation |properties= |BNP= |specific |marker |for |HF.
Hypertrophic- |can't |fill
Dilation- |can't |squeeze
,HF |classifications |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Low |numbers |good, |high |bad. |A |is |good, |D |is |bad.
HF |diagnosis |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-BNP |elevated, |BUN |and |creatinine |elevated,
Ejection |fraction |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Greater |than |60 |is |normal
40-60 |moderate |HF
20-40 |mod |to |severe |HF
Less |than |20 |severe |HF
Serum |BUN |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Kidney |function
Normal |is |10-20 |mg/dL
Serum |creatinine |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Kidney |function |
Normal |is |0.5-1.2
Hyperkalemia |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Potassium |greater |than |5.1
Causes: |renal |failure, |excessive |KCl, |excessive |use |of |salt |substitutes.
Hyponatremia |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Sodium |level |135 |mEq/L |or |less
Causes: |inadequate |sodium |intake, |potent |diuretics, |retention |of |fluids |(heart |or |kidney |
failure).
Hypernatremia |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Sodium |level |greater |than |145 |mEq/L
Causes: |decreased |water |intake |or |excessive |loss |of |water.
BNP |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Levels |over |700pg/mL |indicate |decompensated |HF.
,LFTs |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-AST, |ALT, |LDH, |Alkaline |phosphatase, |Gamma |GT.
SPO2 |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Should |be |90% |or |greater. |Less |than |85 |is |serious. |Less |than |70 |
is |deadly.
Edema |scale |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-+1 |is |slight: |rapidly |returns |to |normal
+2 |: |normal |in |10-15 |sec
+3: |normal |in |1-2 |min
+4: |normal |in |2-5 |min
ACEs |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-End |in |"pril". |Used |to |prevent |kidney |damage, |prevent |
remodeling |of |heart, |and |reduce |BP.
Beta |blockers |for |HF |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Carvedilol, |metoprolol |XL, |zebeta. |Block |
catacholamines.
Natrecor |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Synthetic |BNP. |Profound |vasodilator. |Used |for |
decompensated |HF, |watch |BP, |IV |infusion |only, |BNP |will |be |elevated |obviously...
Digoxin |toxicity |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Nausea, |vomiting, |anorexia, |dysrhythmias, |
bradycardia, |tachycardia, |headache, |fatigue, |blurred |vision, |colored |vision.
Primary |cardiomyopathy |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Idiopathic |cardiomyopathy
Secondary |cardiomyopathy |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Cardiomyopathy |caused |by |another |
disease.
, Dilated |cardiomyopathy |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Can't |squeeze, |most |common |type, |cause |of |
sudden |cardiac |death, |big |boggy |heart.
Caused |by |cardiotoxic |agents |(alcohol), |infections, |diseases, |pregnancy.
HF |symptoms, |S3 |and |S4, |at |risk |for |blood |clots!
Blood |clot |right |side- |pulmonary |embolism
Blood |clot |left |side- |brain |(stroke), |legs, |kidneys
Treat |by |stopping |alcohol/drugs, |same |mess |as |HF, |anticoagulants
Avoid |alcohol, |infections/crowds, |family |should |learn |CPR.
Hypertrophic |cardiomyopathy |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Can't |fill, |super |thick |walled. |Occurs |in |
young |adult |men! |
Caused |by |genetic |link, |chronic |hypertension, |aortic |stenosis.
S/S: |some |asymptomatic, |exertion |all |dyspnea, |angina, |exertion |all |syncope, |fatigue, |dizziness, |
palpitations, |dysrhythmias, |laterally |displaced |PMI |(low |and |to |the |left), |murmur, |crackles, |S4.
Echo |is |primary |diagnostic |tool.
Treatment |is |to |decrease |contractility, |relax |heart: |beta |blockers, |calcium |channel |blockers, |
Digoxin, |anticoagulants. |No |inotropes! |No |nitro!
Limit |strenuous |activity! |Activity |restriction.
Elevate |foot |of |bed
Infective |endocarditis |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Infection |inside |the |heart, |usually |of |the |heart |
valves. |
IV |drug |users |common! |
Flu |like |symptoms, |low |grade |fever |(101-102).
