ESTUDYR
NSG 3280 EXAM 2 2025 MULTICHOICE ANSWERED
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED RATIONALES
In the elderly, the epidermis typically shows which change?
A. Generalized thickening of all layers
B. Increased melanocyte density throughout
C. Generalized thinning except some sun spots that are thicker
D. Increased number of dermal capillaries
Rationale: Aging skin shows overall epidermal thinning; sun-exposed areas may have localized
thickening (actinic changes).
Where are "prickle cells" (keratinocytes with desmosomes) located?
A. Dermis
B. Epidermis
C. Subcutaneous tissue
D. Hypodermis
Rationale: Prickle (spiny) cells are keratinocytes in the epidermal stratum spinosum.
Which structures are located in the dermis?
A. Epidermal melanocytes only
B. Blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands
C. Stratum basale and stratum corneum
D. Sweat gland secretory cells only
Rationale: Dermis houses vasculature, innervation, appendages (hair follicles, glands) and
connective tissue.
Dermal elastic tissue is primarily responsible for what?
A. Pigmentation
B. Hair growth
C. Skin elasticity (the skin’s recoil and resilience)
D. Epidermal turnover
Rationale: Elastin fibers in dermis confer elastic recoil and resilience to skin.
Collagen and elastin primarily make up which layer?
A. Epidermis
B. Dermis
C. Hypodermis
,ESTUDYR
D. Stratum corneum
Rationale: Dermis is composed mainly of collagen (strength) and elastin (elasticity).
Elastosis (photoaging) is caused by sunlight and results in:
A. Thinning of collagen bundles only
B. A weather-beaten/tanned appearance with thickened, degenerated collagen bundles
C. Hair regrowth
D. Loss of epidermal keratinocytes exclusively
Rationale: Chronic UV exposure causes solar elastosis with altered collagen and skin texture.
Aging of dermal skin typically leads to:
A. Increased dermal vascularity
B. Decreased vascularity with fewer epithelial cells and blood vessels
C. Increased epidermal cell proliferation
D. Increased sebum production
Rationale: Aging reduces dermal blood supply and cellularity, affecting healing and
thermoregulation.
Which hormones produce thick, coarse facial hair in white women?
A. Estrogens
B. Progesterone
C. Adrenal androgens
D. Insulin
Rationale: Increased adrenal androgens (e.g., DHEA) can cause hirsutism in women.
What happens to sweat glands with aging?
A. Increase in size and function
B. Decrease in size, number, and function
C. Become hyperactive only at night
D. Convert to sebaceous glands
Rationale: Aging reduces sweat gland number and responsiveness, impairing thermoregulation.
In aging eccrine glands, secretory epithelial cells show:
A. Hypertrophy only
B. Even size change and lipofuscin accumulation in cytoplasm
C. Keratinization
D. Increased regenerative capacity
Rationale: Eccrine secretory cells atrophy and accumulate lipofuscin with age.
How do apocrine glands change with aging?
A. Decrease in number and size dramatically
, ESTUDYR
B. Do not decrease in number/size but decrease in function with lipofuscin accumulation
C. Become eccrine glands
D. Produce more sweat
Rationale: Apocrine glands persist structurally but their function declines with age.
"Intertriginous" refers to skin that is:
A. Dry and scaly
B. Found in skin folds—warm and moist
C. On acral surfaces only
D. Covered by hair
Rationale: Intertriginous areas (groins, axillae) are warm, moist, and prone to friction.
"Acral" pertains to what body areas?
A. Trunk and abdomen
B. Scalp only
C. Distal extremities, ears, and nose
D. Mucous membranes
Rationale: Acral denotes peripheral parts—hands, feet, ears, nose.
"Verrucae" are:
A. Fungal rashes
B. Warts (benign papillomas) caused by papillomavirus with irregular stratum corneum
thickening
C. Malignant melanomas
D. Autoimmune blisters
Rationale: Verrucae are HPV-induced papillomas with hyperkeratosis.
Bronze skin discoloration may indicate:
A. Cushing syndrome
B. Addison disease (primary adrenal insufficiency)
C. Hyperthyroidism
D. Psoriasis
Rationale: Primary adrenal insufficiency causes hyperpigmentation due to increased
ACTH/MSH activity.
In aging, the secretory cells of eccrine glands are often replaced by:
A. Adipose tissue only
B. Fibrous tissue, decreasing sweat ability
C. Keratinized stratified cells
NSG 3280 EXAM 2 2025 MULTICHOICE ANSWERED
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED RATIONALES
In the elderly, the epidermis typically shows which change?
A. Generalized thickening of all layers
B. Increased melanocyte density throughout
C. Generalized thinning except some sun spots that are thicker
D. Increased number of dermal capillaries
Rationale: Aging skin shows overall epidermal thinning; sun-exposed areas may have localized
thickening (actinic changes).
Where are "prickle cells" (keratinocytes with desmosomes) located?
A. Dermis
B. Epidermis
C. Subcutaneous tissue
D. Hypodermis
Rationale: Prickle (spiny) cells are keratinocytes in the epidermal stratum spinosum.
Which structures are located in the dermis?
A. Epidermal melanocytes only
B. Blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands
C. Stratum basale and stratum corneum
D. Sweat gland secretory cells only
Rationale: Dermis houses vasculature, innervation, appendages (hair follicles, glands) and
connective tissue.
Dermal elastic tissue is primarily responsible for what?
A. Pigmentation
B. Hair growth
C. Skin elasticity (the skin’s recoil and resilience)
D. Epidermal turnover
Rationale: Elastin fibers in dermis confer elastic recoil and resilience to skin.
Collagen and elastin primarily make up which layer?
A. Epidermis
B. Dermis
C. Hypodermis
,ESTUDYR
D. Stratum corneum
Rationale: Dermis is composed mainly of collagen (strength) and elastin (elasticity).
Elastosis (photoaging) is caused by sunlight and results in:
A. Thinning of collagen bundles only
B. A weather-beaten/tanned appearance with thickened, degenerated collagen bundles
C. Hair regrowth
D. Loss of epidermal keratinocytes exclusively
Rationale: Chronic UV exposure causes solar elastosis with altered collagen and skin texture.
Aging of dermal skin typically leads to:
A. Increased dermal vascularity
B. Decreased vascularity with fewer epithelial cells and blood vessels
C. Increased epidermal cell proliferation
D. Increased sebum production
Rationale: Aging reduces dermal blood supply and cellularity, affecting healing and
thermoregulation.
Which hormones produce thick, coarse facial hair in white women?
A. Estrogens
B. Progesterone
C. Adrenal androgens
D. Insulin
Rationale: Increased adrenal androgens (e.g., DHEA) can cause hirsutism in women.
What happens to sweat glands with aging?
A. Increase in size and function
B. Decrease in size, number, and function
C. Become hyperactive only at night
D. Convert to sebaceous glands
Rationale: Aging reduces sweat gland number and responsiveness, impairing thermoregulation.
In aging eccrine glands, secretory epithelial cells show:
A. Hypertrophy only
B. Even size change and lipofuscin accumulation in cytoplasm
C. Keratinization
D. Increased regenerative capacity
Rationale: Eccrine secretory cells atrophy and accumulate lipofuscin with age.
How do apocrine glands change with aging?
A. Decrease in number and size dramatically
, ESTUDYR
B. Do not decrease in number/size but decrease in function with lipofuscin accumulation
C. Become eccrine glands
D. Produce more sweat
Rationale: Apocrine glands persist structurally but their function declines with age.
"Intertriginous" refers to skin that is:
A. Dry and scaly
B. Found in skin folds—warm and moist
C. On acral surfaces only
D. Covered by hair
Rationale: Intertriginous areas (groins, axillae) are warm, moist, and prone to friction.
"Acral" pertains to what body areas?
A. Trunk and abdomen
B. Scalp only
C. Distal extremities, ears, and nose
D. Mucous membranes
Rationale: Acral denotes peripheral parts—hands, feet, ears, nose.
"Verrucae" are:
A. Fungal rashes
B. Warts (benign papillomas) caused by papillomavirus with irregular stratum corneum
thickening
C. Malignant melanomas
D. Autoimmune blisters
Rationale: Verrucae are HPV-induced papillomas with hyperkeratosis.
Bronze skin discoloration may indicate:
A. Cushing syndrome
B. Addison disease (primary adrenal insufficiency)
C. Hyperthyroidism
D. Psoriasis
Rationale: Primary adrenal insufficiency causes hyperpigmentation due to increased
ACTH/MSH activity.
In aging, the secretory cells of eccrine glands are often replaced by:
A. Adipose tissue only
B. Fibrous tissue, decreasing sweat ability
C. Keratinized stratified cells
