Biology 121 Exam 2 2026 Questions and
Answers
Exergonic Reaction - Correct answer-Ends with the release of free energy. Takes
organic compounds and breaks it up into smaller molecules
Endergonic Reaction - Correct answer-Requires the input of free energy. Builds
organic compounds from smaller molecules.
Exergonic reaction - Correct answer-Breaking down glucose to make ATP is an
overall ____ reaction
DNA, Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes - Correct answer-What
structure components are present in ALL cells
Cytoplasm - Correct answer-semifluid substance enclosed by a cell's plasma
membrane
Compare and contrast prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells - Correct answer-
SIMILARITIES:
1. They both have DNA as their genetic material.
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, 2. They are both membrane bound.
3. They both have ribosomes .
4. They have similar basic metabolism .
5. They are both amazingly diverse in forms.
DIFERENCES:
1. eukaryotes have a nucleus, while prokaryotes do not
2. eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotes do not. The
organelles of eukaryotes allow them to exhibit much higher levels of intracellular
division of labor than is possible in prokaryotic cells.
3. Eukaryotic cells are, on average, ten times the size of prokaryotic cells.
4. The DNA of eukaryotes is much more complex and therefore much more
extnsive than the DNA of prokaryotes.
5. Prokaryotes have a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan, a single large polymer
of amino acids and sugar . Many types of eukaryotic cells also have cell walls, but
none made of peptidoglycan.
6. The DNA of prokaryotes floats freely around the cell; the DNA of eukaryotes is
held within its nucleus and associated with histones (proteins)
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Answers
Exergonic Reaction - Correct answer-Ends with the release of free energy. Takes
organic compounds and breaks it up into smaller molecules
Endergonic Reaction - Correct answer-Requires the input of free energy. Builds
organic compounds from smaller molecules.
Exergonic reaction - Correct answer-Breaking down glucose to make ATP is an
overall ____ reaction
DNA, Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes - Correct answer-What
structure components are present in ALL cells
Cytoplasm - Correct answer-semifluid substance enclosed by a cell's plasma
membrane
Compare and contrast prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells - Correct answer-
SIMILARITIES:
1. They both have DNA as their genetic material.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, 2. They are both membrane bound.
3. They both have ribosomes .
4. They have similar basic metabolism .
5. They are both amazingly diverse in forms.
DIFERENCES:
1. eukaryotes have a nucleus, while prokaryotes do not
2. eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotes do not. The
organelles of eukaryotes allow them to exhibit much higher levels of intracellular
division of labor than is possible in prokaryotic cells.
3. Eukaryotic cells are, on average, ten times the size of prokaryotic cells.
4. The DNA of eukaryotes is much more complex and therefore much more
extnsive than the DNA of prokaryotes.
5. Prokaryotes have a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan, a single large polymer
of amino acids and sugar . Many types of eukaryotic cells also have cell walls, but
none made of peptidoglycan.
6. The DNA of prokaryotes floats freely around the cell; the DNA of eukaryotes is
held within its nucleus and associated with histones (proteins)
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
