LETRS UNITS 1-4 STUDY GUIDE 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
● adjective . Answer: A part of speech that describes a noun or person
(e.g., windy, blue).
● adverb . Answer: A part of speech that describes a verd, adjective, or
adverb (e.g., sadly, crookedly).
● affricate . Answer: A speech sound with features of both a fricative and
a stop; in English, /ch/ and /j/ are ________.
● allophones . Answer: Slight alterations to pronunciation of phonemes
resulting from phonemes overlapping with one another in a spoken
word; these variations of pronunciation are predictable and unconscious,
as most speakers make them.
● allophonic variation . Answer: The slightly different pronunciation of
a phoneme, depending on its place in a word; for example, automatic
nasalizing of a vowel before a nasal consonant.
,● alphabetic principle . Answer: The concept that letters are used to
represent individual phonemes in the spoken word; insight into this
principle is critical for learning to read and spell.
● antonym . Answer: A word that overlaps with another word, but which
has the opposite meaning.
● automaticity . Answer: The ability to read quickly and accurately
without conscious effort.
● background knowledge . Answer: Preexisting knowledge of facts and
ideas necessary to make inferences.
● base words . Answer: Words that can stand on their own, or can serve
as part of another word, as a free morpheme.
● benchmark . Answer: A standard or a set of standards used as a
threshold for predicting future risk for reading difficulty.
● blend . Answer: Two or three graphemes, each one representing a
phoneme (e.g., the s-c-r in scrape); a ________ is not one sound, but two
or three adjacent consonants before or after a vowel in a syllable.
, ● characters . Answer: The protagonist or who the story is about, plus
optional secondary people or animals whose roles within the story help
the plot to unfold.
● clause . Answer: A group of words that has a subject and a predicate
and functions as a unit.
● closed syllable . Answer: A syllable with a short vowel spelled with a
single vowel letter and ending in one or more consonants (e.g., hat, kit-
ten).
● coarticulation . Answer: Occurs when phonemes are spoken together
to produce syllables or words and the features of these phonemes are
affected by the speech sounds that precede or follow them.
● code switching . Answer: The conscious effort to write and/or speak in
a certain way, depending on the social context and/or whether the
language is spoken or writter.
● cognate . Answer: A word in one language that shares a common
ancestor and common meanings with a word in another language. Many
Spanish words, such as "problema" or "diagrama," are ________ that are
built around the same Latin and Greek prefixes, suffixes, or roots that
English words also employ.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
● adjective . Answer: A part of speech that describes a noun or person
(e.g., windy, blue).
● adverb . Answer: A part of speech that describes a verd, adjective, or
adverb (e.g., sadly, crookedly).
● affricate . Answer: A speech sound with features of both a fricative and
a stop; in English, /ch/ and /j/ are ________.
● allophones . Answer: Slight alterations to pronunciation of phonemes
resulting from phonemes overlapping with one another in a spoken
word; these variations of pronunciation are predictable and unconscious,
as most speakers make them.
● allophonic variation . Answer: The slightly different pronunciation of
a phoneme, depending on its place in a word; for example, automatic
nasalizing of a vowel before a nasal consonant.
,● alphabetic principle . Answer: The concept that letters are used to
represent individual phonemes in the spoken word; insight into this
principle is critical for learning to read and spell.
● antonym . Answer: A word that overlaps with another word, but which
has the opposite meaning.
● automaticity . Answer: The ability to read quickly and accurately
without conscious effort.
● background knowledge . Answer: Preexisting knowledge of facts and
ideas necessary to make inferences.
● base words . Answer: Words that can stand on their own, or can serve
as part of another word, as a free morpheme.
● benchmark . Answer: A standard or a set of standards used as a
threshold for predicting future risk for reading difficulty.
● blend . Answer: Two or three graphemes, each one representing a
phoneme (e.g., the s-c-r in scrape); a ________ is not one sound, but two
or three adjacent consonants before or after a vowel in a syllable.
, ● characters . Answer: The protagonist or who the story is about, plus
optional secondary people or animals whose roles within the story help
the plot to unfold.
● clause . Answer: A group of words that has a subject and a predicate
and functions as a unit.
● closed syllable . Answer: A syllable with a short vowel spelled with a
single vowel letter and ending in one or more consonants (e.g., hat, kit-
ten).
● coarticulation . Answer: Occurs when phonemes are spoken together
to produce syllables or words and the features of these phonemes are
affected by the speech sounds that precede or follow them.
● code switching . Answer: The conscious effort to write and/or speak in
a certain way, depending on the social context and/or whether the
language is spoken or writter.
● cognate . Answer: A word in one language that shares a common
ancestor and common meanings with a word in another language. Many
Spanish words, such as "problema" or "diagrama," are ________ that are
built around the same Latin and Greek prefixes, suffixes, or roots that
English words also employ.
