,Chapter 1; Basic Terms and Concepts of Mechanical
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
Ventilation Test Bank
ss ss ss
MULTIPLE CHOICE ss
1. The body’s mechanism for conducting air in and out of
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
the lungs is known as which of the following?
s s s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s
a. External respiration s s
b. Internal respiration ss
c. Spontaneous ventilation s s
d. Mechanical ventilation ss ss
ANS: C ss
The conduction of air in and out of the body is known
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
as ventilation. Since the question asks for the body’s
s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
mechanism, this would be spontaneous ventilation.
s s ss s s s s s s s s
External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen (O2)
s s s s ss s s s s s s s s s s
and carbon dioxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the
s s s s s s s s ss s s s s s s s s
pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the
s s s s s s ss s s s s s s
cellular level and involves movement of oxygen from the
s s s s s s s s s s ss s s s s s s
systemic blood into the cells.
s s s s s s s s s s
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 ss
2. Which of the following are involved in external respiration?
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
a. Red blood cells and body s s s s s s s s
cells s s
b. Scalenes and trapezius ss ss
muscles ss
c. Alveoli and pulmonary ss ss
capillaries ss
d. External oblique and ss ss
transverse abdominal muscles s s s s
ANS: C ss
External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
carbon dioxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the
s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s
pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the
s s s s ss s s s s s s s s
cellular level and involves movement of oxygen from the
s s s s s s s s ss s s s s s s s s
systemic blood into the cells.
s s s s s s s s s s
Scalene and trapezius muscles are accessory muscles of
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
inspiration. External oblique and transverse abdominal
ss s s s s s s s s s s
muscles are accessory muscles of expiration.
s s ss s s s s s s s s
, DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 ss
3. The graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes during
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
normal spontaneous breathing is depicted by which of the
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
following?
ss
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: B ss
During spontaneous breathing the intrapleural pressure
s s s s s s s s s s
drops from about -5 cm H2O at end-expiration to about
s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
-10 cm H2O at end-inspiration. The graph depicted for
s s s s s s ss s s s s s s s s s s
answer B shows that change from -5 cm H2O to -10
s s s s s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
cm H2O.
s s s s
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 4 ss
4. During s s spontaneous s s inspiration s s alveolar s s pressure s s (PA) s s is s s about:
.
a. - 1 cm H2O
ss ss s s
b. +1cmH2Os s s
c. 0 cm H2O
ss ss
d. 5 cm H2O
ss ss
ANS: A ss
-1 cm H2O is
s s s s s s s s the lowest alveolar pressure will become
s s s s s s s s s s
during normal
s s ss s s spontaneous ventilation. During the s s s s s s
exhalation of
s s s s s s a normal spontaneous breath the alveolar
ss s s s s s s s s
pressure will
s s s s s s become
+1 cm H2O.
ss ss
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 ss
5. The pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation is
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
known as which of the following?
s s s s ss ss ss ss
a. Transairway pressure (PTA ) ss ss ss
b. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) s s s s
c. Transrespiratory pressure s s
(PTR) s s
, d. Transpulmonary ss ss pressure ss ss (PL)
ANS: D ss
The definition of transpulmonary pressure (PL) is the
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation. Transairway
s s ss s s s s s s s s s s
pressure (PTA
s s s s
) is the pressure gradient required to produce airflow in
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
the conducting tubes. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) is the
s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s
pressure to inflate the lungs and airways during positive
s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
pressure ventilation. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) represents
s s ss s s s s s s s s
the pressure required to expand or contract the lungs and
s s s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
the chest wall at the same time.
s s s s s s s s ss ss ss
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 ss
6. Calculate the pressure needed to overcome airway
s s s s s s s s s s s s
resistance during positive pressure ventilation when the
s s ss s s s s s s s s s s
proximal airway pressure (PAw) is 35 cm H2O and the
s s s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
alveolar pressure (PA) is 5 cm H2O.
s s s s s s s s s s ss ss
a. 7 cm H2O ss ss
b. 30 cm H2O ss ss
c. 40 cm H2O ss ss
d. 175 cm H2O ss ss
ANS: B ss
The transairway pressure (PTA) is used to calculate the
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
pressure required to overcome airway resistance during
s s ss s s s s s s s s s s
mechanical ventilation. This formula is PTA = Paw- PA.
s s ss s s s s s s s s s s ss s s
DIF: 2 REF: pg. 3 ss
7. The term used to describe the tendency of a structure to
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s ss ss s s
return to its original form after being stretched or acted
s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
on by an outside force is which of the following?
s s s s s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s
a. Elastance
b. Compliance
c. Viscous resistance ss
d. Distending pressure ss
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
Ventilation Test Bank
ss ss ss
MULTIPLE CHOICE ss
1. The body’s mechanism for conducting air in and out of
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
the lungs is known as which of the following?
s s s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s
a. External respiration s s
b. Internal respiration ss
c. Spontaneous ventilation s s
d. Mechanical ventilation ss ss
ANS: C ss
The conduction of air in and out of the body is known
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
as ventilation. Since the question asks for the body’s
s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
mechanism, this would be spontaneous ventilation.
s s ss s s s s s s s s
External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen (O2)
s s s s ss s s s s s s s s s s
and carbon dioxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the
s s s s s s s s ss s s s s s s s s
pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the
s s s s s s ss s s s s s s
cellular level and involves movement of oxygen from the
s s s s s s s s s s ss s s s s s s
systemic blood into the cells.
s s s s s s s s s s
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 ss
2. Which of the following are involved in external respiration?
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
a. Red blood cells and body s s s s s s s s
cells s s
b. Scalenes and trapezius ss ss
muscles ss
c. Alveoli and pulmonary ss ss
capillaries ss
d. External oblique and ss ss
transverse abdominal muscles s s s s
ANS: C ss
External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
carbon dioxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the
s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s
pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the
s s s s ss s s s s s s s s
cellular level and involves movement of oxygen from the
s s s s s s s s ss s s s s s s s s
systemic blood into the cells.
s s s s s s s s s s
Scalene and trapezius muscles are accessory muscles of
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
inspiration. External oblique and transverse abdominal
ss s s s s s s s s s s
muscles are accessory muscles of expiration.
s s ss s s s s s s s s
, DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 ss
3. The graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes during
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
normal spontaneous breathing is depicted by which of the
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
following?
ss
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: B ss
During spontaneous breathing the intrapleural pressure
s s s s s s s s s s
drops from about -5 cm H2O at end-expiration to about
s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
-10 cm H2O at end-inspiration. The graph depicted for
s s s s s s ss s s s s s s s s s s
answer B shows that change from -5 cm H2O to -10
s s s s s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
cm H2O.
s s s s
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 4 ss
4. During s s spontaneous s s inspiration s s alveolar s s pressure s s (PA) s s is s s about:
.
a. - 1 cm H2O
ss ss s s
b. +1cmH2Os s s
c. 0 cm H2O
ss ss
d. 5 cm H2O
ss ss
ANS: A ss
-1 cm H2O is
s s s s s s s s the lowest alveolar pressure will become
s s s s s s s s s s
during normal
s s ss s s spontaneous ventilation. During the s s s s s s
exhalation of
s s s s s s a normal spontaneous breath the alveolar
ss s s s s s s s s
pressure will
s s s s s s become
+1 cm H2O.
ss ss
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 ss
5. The pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation is
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
known as which of the following?
s s s s ss ss ss ss
a. Transairway pressure (PTA ) ss ss ss
b. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) s s s s
c. Transrespiratory pressure s s
(PTR) s s
, d. Transpulmonary ss ss pressure ss ss (PL)
ANS: D ss
The definition of transpulmonary pressure (PL) is the
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation. Transairway
s s ss s s s s s s s s s s
pressure (PTA
s s s s
) is the pressure gradient required to produce airflow in
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
the conducting tubes. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) is the
s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s
pressure to inflate the lungs and airways during positive
s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
pressure ventilation. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) represents
s s ss s s s s s s s s
the pressure required to expand or contract the lungs and
s s s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
the chest wall at the same time.
s s s s s s s s ss ss ss
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 ss
6. Calculate the pressure needed to overcome airway
s s s s s s s s s s s s
resistance during positive pressure ventilation when the
s s ss s s s s s s s s s s
proximal airway pressure (PAw) is 35 cm H2O and the
s s s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
alveolar pressure (PA) is 5 cm H2O.
s s s s s s s s s s ss ss
a. 7 cm H2O ss ss
b. 30 cm H2O ss ss
c. 40 cm H2O ss ss
d. 175 cm H2O ss ss
ANS: B ss
The transairway pressure (PTA) is used to calculate the
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
pressure required to overcome airway resistance during
s s ss s s s s s s s s s s
mechanical ventilation. This formula is PTA = Paw- PA.
s s ss s s s s s s s s s s ss s s
DIF: 2 REF: pg. 3 ss
7. The term used to describe the tendency of a structure to
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s ss ss s s
return to its original form after being stretched or acted
s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
on by an outside force is which of the following?
s s s s s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s
a. Elastance
b. Compliance
c. Viscous resistance ss
d. Distending pressure ss
