EMS 1055 Final exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hln01f
1. How to read blood pressure: Top number: systolic pressure (heart's ventricles contract)
Bottom number: diastolic pressure (heart's ventricles are relaxed)
2. carotid pulse: the pulse felt along the large carotid artery on either side of the neck. Blood pressure is at least
60 systolic
3. femoral pulse: Pulse felt on either side of the groin; Femoral artery. blood pressure is at least 70 systolic.
4. brachial pulse: the pulse felt in the upper arm. (often used for infants.)
5. radial pulse: the pulse felt at the wrist. blood pressure is at least 80 systolic.
6. pedal pulse: The pulse rate obtained on the top of the foot. blood pressure is at least 90-100 systolic
7. types of shock: cardiogenic, neurogenic, septic, anaphylactic, hypovelimic, obstructive(mechanical), insulin
(pseudo)
8. shock: lack of perfusion at the cellular level
9. general signs and symptoms of shock: -skin:pale, cool, diaphoretic
-anxiety
-impending doom
-altered LOC
-dilated pupils
-sustained tachycardia
-tachypnea
-decreased urine output
-thirst
-delayed capillary refill
10. general treatment in shock: -high flow oxygen
-trendelenberg position
-keep warm
-load and go transport
11. cardiogenic shock: -most commingly caused by AMI
-other causes: Myocarditis, myocardial contusion
-"pump problem"
-decreased CO leads to hyperfusion
-heart begins to fail
, EMS 1055 Final exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hln01f
12. cardiogenic shock treatment: -standard shock treatment applies
-patient may not tolerate supine or trendelenberg position
-transport to cardiac facility critical
13. neurogenic shock: Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that control the size of the blood
vessels, leading to widespread dilation; seen in patients with spinal cord injuries.
-caused by-
-spinal cord injury above T6
-spinal anesthesia
-vasomotor center depression
-may take hours to appear
*symptoms*
-skin warm and dry
-bradycardia
-poikilothermia
14. septic shock: Shock caused by severe infection, usually a bacterial infection.
-distributive type of shock
-due to infection that becomes systemic
-very common in icu setting
-patients often febrile
-antibiotics are needed to treat infection
-more gradual onset starting with SIRS
15. hypovolemic shock: shock resulting from blood or fluid loss
16. obstructive shock: Shock that occurs when there is a block to blood flow in the heart or great vessels,
causing an insufficient blood supply to the body's tissues.
-tension pneumothorax
-pericardial tamponade
17. anaphylactic shock: -distributive shock
-severe allergic reaction
-onset is quick
-most deaths from people with NKA and no epi pen
-uticaria, wheezes, pruritus
-use epi pen
, EMS 1055 Final exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hln01f
18. insulin shock: the result of too much insulin which causes a dangerous drop in blood glucose.
-looks similar to shock
-skin cool pale and diaphoretic
-altered mentation
-seizures can occur
-administer oral glucose
-patient must eat afterwards
19. Beck's Triad: -hypotension (narrow pulse pressure)
-neck veins distended
-heart sounds muffled
-paradoxical pulse
-breath sounds equal
20. basilar skull fracture: fracture at the base of the skull
-raccoon eyes
-battle signs
-takes a while to show up
21. OPA (oropharyngeal airway): Oral airway
Used to maintain or open a patient's airway. It does this by preventing the tongue from covering the epiglottis.
*used in patients with no gag reflex
*measure from the edge of the mouth to the angle of the jaw to determine the correct size .
*insert with the tip pointing to the top of the head then rotate 180 degrees until position
22. NPA (nasal trumpet): -can use on patients with a gag reflex
-patients who are snoring or have ETOH are common
-measure from the nare to the tip of the earlobe
-use surgical lube to help with insertion
- right nare is usually largest
23. how to open airway: head tilt chin lift
-*do not perform on suspected c-spine injury
jaw thrust maneuver
- *use if you suspect a neck injury and tilt head to slight sniffing position or neutral position. use thumbs to pull down
lower jaw.
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hln01f
1. How to read blood pressure: Top number: systolic pressure (heart's ventricles contract)
Bottom number: diastolic pressure (heart's ventricles are relaxed)
2. carotid pulse: the pulse felt along the large carotid artery on either side of the neck. Blood pressure is at least
60 systolic
3. femoral pulse: Pulse felt on either side of the groin; Femoral artery. blood pressure is at least 70 systolic.
4. brachial pulse: the pulse felt in the upper arm. (often used for infants.)
5. radial pulse: the pulse felt at the wrist. blood pressure is at least 80 systolic.
6. pedal pulse: The pulse rate obtained on the top of the foot. blood pressure is at least 90-100 systolic
7. types of shock: cardiogenic, neurogenic, septic, anaphylactic, hypovelimic, obstructive(mechanical), insulin
(pseudo)
8. shock: lack of perfusion at the cellular level
9. general signs and symptoms of shock: -skin:pale, cool, diaphoretic
-anxiety
-impending doom
-altered LOC
-dilated pupils
-sustained tachycardia
-tachypnea
-decreased urine output
-thirst
-delayed capillary refill
10. general treatment in shock: -high flow oxygen
-trendelenberg position
-keep warm
-load and go transport
11. cardiogenic shock: -most commingly caused by AMI
-other causes: Myocarditis, myocardial contusion
-"pump problem"
-decreased CO leads to hyperfusion
-heart begins to fail
, EMS 1055 Final exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hln01f
12. cardiogenic shock treatment: -standard shock treatment applies
-patient may not tolerate supine or trendelenberg position
-transport to cardiac facility critical
13. neurogenic shock: Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that control the size of the blood
vessels, leading to widespread dilation; seen in patients with spinal cord injuries.
-caused by-
-spinal cord injury above T6
-spinal anesthesia
-vasomotor center depression
-may take hours to appear
*symptoms*
-skin warm and dry
-bradycardia
-poikilothermia
14. septic shock: Shock caused by severe infection, usually a bacterial infection.
-distributive type of shock
-due to infection that becomes systemic
-very common in icu setting
-patients often febrile
-antibiotics are needed to treat infection
-more gradual onset starting with SIRS
15. hypovolemic shock: shock resulting from blood or fluid loss
16. obstructive shock: Shock that occurs when there is a block to blood flow in the heart or great vessels,
causing an insufficient blood supply to the body's tissues.
-tension pneumothorax
-pericardial tamponade
17. anaphylactic shock: -distributive shock
-severe allergic reaction
-onset is quick
-most deaths from people with NKA and no epi pen
-uticaria, wheezes, pruritus
-use epi pen
, EMS 1055 Final exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hln01f
18. insulin shock: the result of too much insulin which causes a dangerous drop in blood glucose.
-looks similar to shock
-skin cool pale and diaphoretic
-altered mentation
-seizures can occur
-administer oral glucose
-patient must eat afterwards
19. Beck's Triad: -hypotension (narrow pulse pressure)
-neck veins distended
-heart sounds muffled
-paradoxical pulse
-breath sounds equal
20. basilar skull fracture: fracture at the base of the skull
-raccoon eyes
-battle signs
-takes a while to show up
21. OPA (oropharyngeal airway): Oral airway
Used to maintain or open a patient's airway. It does this by preventing the tongue from covering the epiglottis.
*used in patients with no gag reflex
*measure from the edge of the mouth to the angle of the jaw to determine the correct size .
*insert with the tip pointing to the top of the head then rotate 180 degrees until position
22. NPA (nasal trumpet): -can use on patients with a gag reflex
-patients who are snoring or have ETOH are common
-measure from the nare to the tip of the earlobe
-use surgical lube to help with insertion
- right nare is usually largest
23. how to open airway: head tilt chin lift
-*do not perform on suspected c-spine injury
jaw thrust maneuver
- *use if you suspect a neck injury and tilt head to slight sniffing position or neutral position. use thumbs to pull down
lower jaw.
