BIOLOGY 189 EXAMS SCRIPT 2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+ TIP
✔✔biosphere - ✔✔the global ecosystem, the parts of the planet and its atmosphere
where life is possible
✔✔which of the following is smaller than an organelle?
a. an organ
b. a molecule
c. a cell
d. a tissue - ✔✔b. a molecule
✔✔Autotroph vs Heterotroph - ✔✔Autotrophs are organisms that can produce their own
food from the substances available in their surroundings using light (photosynthesis) or
chemical energy (chemosynthesis). Heterotrophs cannot synthesize their own food and
rely on other organisms — both plants and animals — for nutrition.
✔✔because plants extract nutrients from soil and use sunlight as an energy source they
are considered to be - ✔✔autotrophs
✔✔decomposers - ✔✔Organisms that break down the dead remains of other organisms
✔✔*Evolution through natural selection will occur most rapidly for populations of plants
that* - ✔✔
✔✔Domain bacteria - ✔✔- prokaryotic
- not a membrane bound organelle
- genome is located in the nucleoid
- they are generally smaller
- they are unicellular (single-celled)
✔✔Domain archaea - ✔✔- prokaryotic
- not a membrane bound organelle
- genome is located in the nucleoid
- they are generally smaller
- they are unicellular (single-celled)
✔✔Domain eukarya - ✔✔- Eukaryotic
- they are a membrane bound organelle
- genome is located in the nucleus (membrane bound organelle)
- they are generally larger
- they are often multicellular but they can be unicellular
, ✔✔Taxonomic Hierarchy - ✔✔Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus,
Species (most inclusive to least inclusive)
✔✔How do we write out humans scientific name? - ✔✔- in italics
Homo sapiens
✔✔Phylogenetic trees - ✔✔*slide 17*
✔✔*what is an example of each domain of life?* - ✔✔
✔✔characteristics associated with the process of science - ✔✔- multiple experiments ->
reproducibility -> uncertainty
✔✔scientific method - ✔✔a general way of using evidence to answer questions and test
ideas. a continuous circle:
hypothesis->design->experiment->data->conclusions, and all over again
✔✔Steps of the Scientific Method - ✔✔Ask a Question
Do Background Research
Construct a Hypothesis
Test Your Hypothesis by Doing an Experiment
Analyze Your Data and Draw a Conclusion
Communicate Your Results
✔✔A scientist has just observed a new phenomenon and wonders how it
happens. What is the next step in his or her discovery of the answer?
a. Observe
b. Hypothesize
c. Experiment
d. Peer review - ✔✔b. Hypothesize
✔✔factors to consider in experimental design - ✔✔- sample size
- variables
- controls
- statistical analysis
✔✔Sample size: - ✔✔the number of individuals in a sample
✔✔independant variable - ✔✔the thing that will be changed in each experiment
✔✔dependent variable - ✔✔The outcome factor; the variable that may change in
response to manipulations of the independent variable.
✔✔standardized variable - ✔✔any factor held constant for all subjects in an experiment
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+ TIP
✔✔biosphere - ✔✔the global ecosystem, the parts of the planet and its atmosphere
where life is possible
✔✔which of the following is smaller than an organelle?
a. an organ
b. a molecule
c. a cell
d. a tissue - ✔✔b. a molecule
✔✔Autotroph vs Heterotroph - ✔✔Autotrophs are organisms that can produce their own
food from the substances available in their surroundings using light (photosynthesis) or
chemical energy (chemosynthesis). Heterotrophs cannot synthesize their own food and
rely on other organisms — both plants and animals — for nutrition.
✔✔because plants extract nutrients from soil and use sunlight as an energy source they
are considered to be - ✔✔autotrophs
✔✔decomposers - ✔✔Organisms that break down the dead remains of other organisms
✔✔*Evolution through natural selection will occur most rapidly for populations of plants
that* - ✔✔
✔✔Domain bacteria - ✔✔- prokaryotic
- not a membrane bound organelle
- genome is located in the nucleoid
- they are generally smaller
- they are unicellular (single-celled)
✔✔Domain archaea - ✔✔- prokaryotic
- not a membrane bound organelle
- genome is located in the nucleoid
- they are generally smaller
- they are unicellular (single-celled)
✔✔Domain eukarya - ✔✔- Eukaryotic
- they are a membrane bound organelle
- genome is located in the nucleus (membrane bound organelle)
- they are generally larger
- they are often multicellular but they can be unicellular
, ✔✔Taxonomic Hierarchy - ✔✔Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus,
Species (most inclusive to least inclusive)
✔✔How do we write out humans scientific name? - ✔✔- in italics
Homo sapiens
✔✔Phylogenetic trees - ✔✔*slide 17*
✔✔*what is an example of each domain of life?* - ✔✔
✔✔characteristics associated with the process of science - ✔✔- multiple experiments ->
reproducibility -> uncertainty
✔✔scientific method - ✔✔a general way of using evidence to answer questions and test
ideas. a continuous circle:
hypothesis->design->experiment->data->conclusions, and all over again
✔✔Steps of the Scientific Method - ✔✔Ask a Question
Do Background Research
Construct a Hypothesis
Test Your Hypothesis by Doing an Experiment
Analyze Your Data and Draw a Conclusion
Communicate Your Results
✔✔A scientist has just observed a new phenomenon and wonders how it
happens. What is the next step in his or her discovery of the answer?
a. Observe
b. Hypothesize
c. Experiment
d. Peer review - ✔✔b. Hypothesize
✔✔factors to consider in experimental design - ✔✔- sample size
- variables
- controls
- statistical analysis
✔✔Sample size: - ✔✔the number of individuals in a sample
✔✔independant variable - ✔✔the thing that will be changed in each experiment
✔✔dependent variable - ✔✔The outcome factor; the variable that may change in
response to manipulations of the independent variable.
✔✔standardized variable - ✔✔any factor held constant for all subjects in an experiment
