PSYC140 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED ANSWERS. EXPERT
VERIFIED FOR GUARANTEED PASS.
Prejudice - ANS an unjustifiable hostile or negative attitude toward a group or its members
Discrimination - ANS unjustifiable negative or harmful behavior toward a group or its
members (behavioral component of prejudice)
Stereotyping - ANS a belief about the personal attributes of a group of people (cognitive
component of prejudice)
Institutional supports of prejudice - ANS schools, govt, or media increase prejudice through
overt policies such as segregation, or by passively reinforcing the status quo. Ex. banks denying
mortgages to minority groups before the 1970's
Role of self-fulfilling prophecies in prejudice - ANS people's role affects their behaviors,
examples of this are this are the job interview studies
Job interview studies (Word, Zanna, & Cooper, 1974) STUDY 1 - ANS black and white
applicants were interviewed by white interviewers, researchers wanted to see if the white
interviewers perceived and treated applicants diff depending on their race, they found
evidence of discrimination, they had chairs with wheels where they measured where their chair
was, results- Interviewers sat farther, stammered more, and ended the interview sooner when
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, the applicant was black, IV- whether the applicant was black or white, DV- how the white
interviewers acted
Job interview studies (Word, Zanna, & Cooper, 1974) STUDY 2 - ANS the interviewers were
trained to behave like the black applicant or white applicant style, results- white applicants
were more nervous and less effective when interviewed in the "black applicant style," This
showed that when white people were treated like black people they did more bad on the
interviews (self-fulfilling prophecy)
Job interview studies (Word, Zanna, & Cooper, 1974) STUDY REVISITED - ANS Procedure-
applicants wearing "gay and proud" vs "Texan and proud" hats inquired about mall jobs, The
RAs didn't know which hats they were wearing, to avoid the self-fulfilling prophecy, Results-
mall employees were more likely to say no jobs were available, and ended the conversation
sooner, when the applicant wore the "Gay and Proud" hat
Stereotype threats - ANS a self-confirming apprehension that one will be evaluated based on
a negative stereotype, example of this is the math performance study
Math performance study (Spencer, Steele, & Quinn, 1999) - ANS men and women were given
a difficult math test, IV- "no gender diff expected" vs "males tend to do better," Results-
women scored lower than men, but only in the "males tend to do better" condition
Minimal groups - ANS meaningless groups formed by grouping strangers in the basis of trivial
criteria
In-group bias - ANS the tendency to feel positively towards and favor one's own group "us"
(minimal group ex.)
out-group derogation - ANS the tendency to put down and treat unfairly other groups
"them" (minimal group ex.)
The authoritarian personality - ANS people believe in strict beliefs, strict discipline, they
don't like weakness (people who are higher in authoritarian personality are higher in prejudice)
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
DETAILED ANSWERS. EXPERT
VERIFIED FOR GUARANTEED PASS.
Prejudice - ANS an unjustifiable hostile or negative attitude toward a group or its members
Discrimination - ANS unjustifiable negative or harmful behavior toward a group or its
members (behavioral component of prejudice)
Stereotyping - ANS a belief about the personal attributes of a group of people (cognitive
component of prejudice)
Institutional supports of prejudice - ANS schools, govt, or media increase prejudice through
overt policies such as segregation, or by passively reinforcing the status quo. Ex. banks denying
mortgages to minority groups before the 1970's
Role of self-fulfilling prophecies in prejudice - ANS people's role affects their behaviors,
examples of this are this are the job interview studies
Job interview studies (Word, Zanna, & Cooper, 1974) STUDY 1 - ANS black and white
applicants were interviewed by white interviewers, researchers wanted to see if the white
interviewers perceived and treated applicants diff depending on their race, they found
evidence of discrimination, they had chairs with wheels where they measured where their chair
was, results- Interviewers sat farther, stammered more, and ended the interview sooner when
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, the applicant was black, IV- whether the applicant was black or white, DV- how the white
interviewers acted
Job interview studies (Word, Zanna, & Cooper, 1974) STUDY 2 - ANS the interviewers were
trained to behave like the black applicant or white applicant style, results- white applicants
were more nervous and less effective when interviewed in the "black applicant style," This
showed that when white people were treated like black people they did more bad on the
interviews (self-fulfilling prophecy)
Job interview studies (Word, Zanna, & Cooper, 1974) STUDY REVISITED - ANS Procedure-
applicants wearing "gay and proud" vs "Texan and proud" hats inquired about mall jobs, The
RAs didn't know which hats they were wearing, to avoid the self-fulfilling prophecy, Results-
mall employees were more likely to say no jobs were available, and ended the conversation
sooner, when the applicant wore the "Gay and Proud" hat
Stereotype threats - ANS a self-confirming apprehension that one will be evaluated based on
a negative stereotype, example of this is the math performance study
Math performance study (Spencer, Steele, & Quinn, 1999) - ANS men and women were given
a difficult math test, IV- "no gender diff expected" vs "males tend to do better," Results-
women scored lower than men, but only in the "males tend to do better" condition
Minimal groups - ANS meaningless groups formed by grouping strangers in the basis of trivial
criteria
In-group bias - ANS the tendency to feel positively towards and favor one's own group "us"
(minimal group ex.)
out-group derogation - ANS the tendency to put down and treat unfairly other groups
"them" (minimal group ex.)
The authoritarian personality - ANS people believe in strict beliefs, strict discipline, they
don't like weakness (people who are higher in authoritarian personality are higher in prejudice)
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
