NERC RC EXAM PREP QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED ANSWERS. EXPERT
VERIFIED FOR GUARANTEED PASS.
When does the Contingency Reserve Restoration Period begin?
A. At the top of the hour after the Reportable Disturbance
B. At the start of the Reportable Disturbance
C. At the end of the Disturbance Recovery Period
D. When all Contingency Reserve has been exhausted - ANS C. At the end of the Disturbance
Recovery Period
Which of the following terms is defined as the scan rate values of a Balancing Authority's ACE
measured in MW, which includes the difference between the Balancing Authority's Net
Interchange Actual and its Net Interchange Scheduled, plus its Frequency Bias obligation, plus
any known meter error?
A. Automatic Time Error
B. Reporting ACE
C. ACE Control Error
D. Reserve Sharing Group Reporting - ANS B. Reporting ACE
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,Which of the following terms applies to the Western Interconnection only, and the addition of a
component to the ACE equation that modifies the control point for the purpose of continuously
paying back Primary Inadvertent Interchange to correct accumulated time error?
A. Reporting ACE
B. Automatic Time Error Correction
C. Reserve Sharing Group Reporting ACE
D. Regulation Reserve Sharing Group - ANS B. Automatic Time Error Correction
You are a Balancing Authority Operator. A neighboring Balancing Authority in the
Interconnection suddenly has a 500 MW generator trip due to a generator ground. What part
of the ACE equation, ACE = (NIA-NIS) - 10B (FA-FS) - IME, allows you and other Balancing
Authorities in the Interconnection to help stabilize the Interconnection frequency error?
A. (FA- FS) - IME
B. NIA - NIS
C. 10B (FA-FS)
D. 4 IME - ANS C. 10B (FA-FS)
Balancing Authority A is scheduled to import a net 200 MW and is actually importing a net 150
MW. The Bias Setting is -100 MW/.1 HZ and Actual Frequency is 59.95 Hz. What is Balancing
Authority A's ACE reading?
A. +100 MW
B. -100 MW
C. 0 MW
D. -55 MW - ANS C. 0 MW
Which of the following elements is NOT included in the ACE equations frequency component?
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,A. Actual Frequency (FA)
B. Scheduled Frequency (FS)
C. Frequency Bias Setting (B)
D. Meter Error (IME) - ANS D. Meter Error (IME)
A Balancing Authority is slightly undergenerating its Actual System Frequency (FA) is 60.03 Hz.
What is the result of the Balancing Authority's action?
A. The Balancing Authority is helping the Interconnection Frequency.
B. The Balancing Authority is in CPS1 violation.
C. The Balancing Authority is hurting the Interconnection Frequency.
D. The Balancing Authority is in BAAL violation - ANS A. The Balancing Authority is helping
the Interconnection Frequency
Which statement best describes the CPS1 requirement?
A. ACE must follow changes in load and schedule within a bandwidth called L10.
B. The Responsible Entity must operate so its CPS1 is greater than or equal to 100% for the
preceding 12-month period.
C. The average ACE for a defined 10-minute period must be within a limit called L10.
D. ACE must start to return to zero one minute after crossing zero. - ANS B. The Responsible
Entity must operate so its CPS1 is greater than or equal to 100% for the preceding 12-month
period
A Balancing Authority's CPS1 calculation is computed using its clock-minute average of two
values. What are those two values?
A. Reporting ACE and Frequency Error
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, B. Actual and Scheduled Net Interchange NIA and NIS.
C. L10 and Reporting ACE
D. Actual and Scheduled Frequency (FA and FS) - ANS A. Reporting ACE and Frequency Error
To conform to CPS requirements, a Balancing Authority must have which of the following?
A. CPS1 greater than or equal to 90% or BAAL greater than or equal to 100%.
B. CPS1 greater than or equal to 100% and ACE does not exceed BAAL more than 15
consecutive minutes.
C. CPS1 greater than or equal to 100% and ACE does not exceed BAAL more than 30
consecutive minutes.
D. CPS1 greater than or equal to 90% and ACE does not exceed BAAL more than 30 consecutive
minutes. - ANS C. CPS1 greater than or equal to 100% and ACE does not exceed BAAL more
than 30 consecutive minutes.
What should a Balancing Authority set Scheduled Frequency to for a slow Time Error
Correction?
A. 60.02 Hz
B. 59.98 Hz
C. 59.80 Hz
D. 60.20 Hz - ANS A. 60.02 Hz
Which of the following is a potential source of Contingency Reserve?
1. Offline generation that takes 10 minutes to start and ramp to full output
2. Online generation at full load
3. Controllable load resources
4. Voltage reductions
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
DETAILED ANSWERS. EXPERT
VERIFIED FOR GUARANTEED PASS.
When does the Contingency Reserve Restoration Period begin?
A. At the top of the hour after the Reportable Disturbance
B. At the start of the Reportable Disturbance
C. At the end of the Disturbance Recovery Period
D. When all Contingency Reserve has been exhausted - ANS C. At the end of the Disturbance
Recovery Period
Which of the following terms is defined as the scan rate values of a Balancing Authority's ACE
measured in MW, which includes the difference between the Balancing Authority's Net
Interchange Actual and its Net Interchange Scheduled, plus its Frequency Bias obligation, plus
any known meter error?
A. Automatic Time Error
B. Reporting ACE
C. ACE Control Error
D. Reserve Sharing Group Reporting - ANS B. Reporting ACE
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,Which of the following terms applies to the Western Interconnection only, and the addition of a
component to the ACE equation that modifies the control point for the purpose of continuously
paying back Primary Inadvertent Interchange to correct accumulated time error?
A. Reporting ACE
B. Automatic Time Error Correction
C. Reserve Sharing Group Reporting ACE
D. Regulation Reserve Sharing Group - ANS B. Automatic Time Error Correction
You are a Balancing Authority Operator. A neighboring Balancing Authority in the
Interconnection suddenly has a 500 MW generator trip due to a generator ground. What part
of the ACE equation, ACE = (NIA-NIS) - 10B (FA-FS) - IME, allows you and other Balancing
Authorities in the Interconnection to help stabilize the Interconnection frequency error?
A. (FA- FS) - IME
B. NIA - NIS
C. 10B (FA-FS)
D. 4 IME - ANS C. 10B (FA-FS)
Balancing Authority A is scheduled to import a net 200 MW and is actually importing a net 150
MW. The Bias Setting is -100 MW/.1 HZ and Actual Frequency is 59.95 Hz. What is Balancing
Authority A's ACE reading?
A. +100 MW
B. -100 MW
C. 0 MW
D. -55 MW - ANS C. 0 MW
Which of the following elements is NOT included in the ACE equations frequency component?
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,A. Actual Frequency (FA)
B. Scheduled Frequency (FS)
C. Frequency Bias Setting (B)
D. Meter Error (IME) - ANS D. Meter Error (IME)
A Balancing Authority is slightly undergenerating its Actual System Frequency (FA) is 60.03 Hz.
What is the result of the Balancing Authority's action?
A. The Balancing Authority is helping the Interconnection Frequency.
B. The Balancing Authority is in CPS1 violation.
C. The Balancing Authority is hurting the Interconnection Frequency.
D. The Balancing Authority is in BAAL violation - ANS A. The Balancing Authority is helping
the Interconnection Frequency
Which statement best describes the CPS1 requirement?
A. ACE must follow changes in load and schedule within a bandwidth called L10.
B. The Responsible Entity must operate so its CPS1 is greater than or equal to 100% for the
preceding 12-month period.
C. The average ACE for a defined 10-minute period must be within a limit called L10.
D. ACE must start to return to zero one minute after crossing zero. - ANS B. The Responsible
Entity must operate so its CPS1 is greater than or equal to 100% for the preceding 12-month
period
A Balancing Authority's CPS1 calculation is computed using its clock-minute average of two
values. What are those two values?
A. Reporting ACE and Frequency Error
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, B. Actual and Scheduled Net Interchange NIA and NIS.
C. L10 and Reporting ACE
D. Actual and Scheduled Frequency (FA and FS) - ANS A. Reporting ACE and Frequency Error
To conform to CPS requirements, a Balancing Authority must have which of the following?
A. CPS1 greater than or equal to 90% or BAAL greater than or equal to 100%.
B. CPS1 greater than or equal to 100% and ACE does not exceed BAAL more than 15
consecutive minutes.
C. CPS1 greater than or equal to 100% and ACE does not exceed BAAL more than 30
consecutive minutes.
D. CPS1 greater than or equal to 90% and ACE does not exceed BAAL more than 30 consecutive
minutes. - ANS C. CPS1 greater than or equal to 100% and ACE does not exceed BAAL more
than 30 consecutive minutes.
What should a Balancing Authority set Scheduled Frequency to for a slow Time Error
Correction?
A. 60.02 Hz
B. 59.98 Hz
C. 59.80 Hz
D. 60.20 Hz - ANS A. 60.02 Hz
Which of the following is a potential source of Contingency Reserve?
1. Offline generation that takes 10 minutes to start and ramp to full output
2. Online generation at full load
3. Controllable load resources
4. Voltage reductions
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
