,📘 TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Cellular Biology
2. Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology
3. The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases
4. Genes and Genetic Diseases
5. Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases
6. Epigenetics and Disease
7. Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing
8. Adaptive Immunity
9. Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation
10. Infection
11. Stress and Disease
12. Cancer Biology
13. Cancer Epidemiology
14. Alterations in Hematologic Function
15. Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children
16. Alterations in Blood Flow and Blood Pressure
17. Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children
18. Alterations of Pulmonary Function
19. Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children
20. Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems
21. Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function
22. Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children
23. Structure and Function of the Digestive System
24. Alterations of Digestive Function
25. Alterations of Digestive Function in Children
26. Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems
27. Alterations of the Reproductive Systems
28. Alterations of the Reproductive Systems in Children
29. Structure and Function of the Endocrine System
30. Alterations of Hormonal Regulation
31. Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation in Children
32. Structure and Function of the Hematologic System
33. Alterations in Neurologic Function
34. Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children
35. Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function
36. Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor
Function
37. Alterations in Cerebral Hemodynamics
38. Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function
39. Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children
40. Structure and Function of the Integumentary System
41. Alterations of the Integument in Children
,Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE
CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use
nutrients.
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
ANSWER: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances
from their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their
descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in
the:
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome
ANSWER: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely
of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the
histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do not contain most of a
cell’s genetic information.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
3. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsSIhNyGd TroBg.CenO M
peroxide (H2O2) by
using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an
oxidative reaction?
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes
ANSWER: B
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use
oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative
reaction that produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially
destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are
RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus
and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called
nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from
the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called
hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and
carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 8
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released
during cell injury?
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes
, ANSWER: D
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful
digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their
leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various
treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which
can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The
other options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 7-8
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by
the pancreas cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus,
proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a
secretory vesicle to the cell membrane.
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds
to the lysosome for synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated
membrane to the cell membrane.
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus,
proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a
cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus,
proceeds to the Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in a
cytosol to the cell membrane.
ANSWER: A
The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell
membrane. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
NURSINGTB.COM
PTS: 1 REF: Page 7 | Figure 1-5
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M
ANSWER: B
The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap),
which is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA
synthesis; (2) the S phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in
the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis
occurs, the period between the completion of DNA synthesis and the next phase
(M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 37
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes
by acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to
drive active pumps?
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates
ANSWER: C
Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for substances
1. Cellular Biology
2. Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology
3. The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases
4. Genes and Genetic Diseases
5. Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases
6. Epigenetics and Disease
7. Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing
8. Adaptive Immunity
9. Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation
10. Infection
11. Stress and Disease
12. Cancer Biology
13. Cancer Epidemiology
14. Alterations in Hematologic Function
15. Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children
16. Alterations in Blood Flow and Blood Pressure
17. Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children
18. Alterations of Pulmonary Function
19. Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children
20. Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems
21. Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function
22. Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children
23. Structure and Function of the Digestive System
24. Alterations of Digestive Function
25. Alterations of Digestive Function in Children
26. Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems
27. Alterations of the Reproductive Systems
28. Alterations of the Reproductive Systems in Children
29. Structure and Function of the Endocrine System
30. Alterations of Hormonal Regulation
31. Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation in Children
32. Structure and Function of the Hematologic System
33. Alterations in Neurologic Function
34. Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children
35. Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function
36. Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor
Function
37. Alterations in Cerebral Hemodynamics
38. Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function
39. Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children
40. Structure and Function of the Integumentary System
41. Alterations of the Integument in Children
,Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE
CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use
nutrients.
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
ANSWER: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances
from their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their
descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in
the:
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome
ANSWER: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely
of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the
histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do not contain most of a
cell’s genetic information.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
3. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsSIhNyGd TroBg.CenO M
peroxide (H2O2) by
using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an
oxidative reaction?
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes
ANSWER: B
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use
oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative
reaction that produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially
destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are
RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus
and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called
nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from
the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called
hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and
carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 8
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released
during cell injury?
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes
, ANSWER: D
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful
digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their
leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various
treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which
can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The
other options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 7-8
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by
the pancreas cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus,
proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a
secretory vesicle to the cell membrane.
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds
to the lysosome for synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated
membrane to the cell membrane.
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus,
proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a
cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus,
proceeds to the Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in a
cytosol to the cell membrane.
ANSWER: A
The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell
membrane. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
NURSINGTB.COM
PTS: 1 REF: Page 7 | Figure 1-5
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M
ANSWER: B
The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap),
which is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA
synthesis; (2) the S phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in
the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis
occurs, the period between the completion of DNA synthesis and the next phase
(M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 37
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes
by acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to
drive active pumps?
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates
ANSWER: C
Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for substances
