NSG 211 FINAL PRACTICE
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS(GRADED
A+)
A student nurse was asked which of the following best describes dementia. Which of
the following best describes the condition?
A. Memory loss occurring as part of the natural consequence of aging
B. Difficulty coping with physical and psychological change
C. Severe cognitive impairment that occurs rapidly
D. Loss of cognitive abilities, impairing ability to perform activities of daily living -
ANSWERAnswer D
The impaired ability to perform self-care is an important measure of a client's dementia
progression and loss of cognitive abilities. Difficulty or impaired ability to perform normal
activities of daily living, such as maintaining hygiene and grooming, toileting, making
meals, and maintaining a household, are significant indications of dementia. Slowing of
processes necessary for information retrieval is a normal consequence of aging.
However, the global statement that memory loss occurs as part of natural aging is not
true. Dementia is not normal; it is a disease. Difficulty coping with changes can be
experienced by any client, not just one with dementia. The rapid occurrence of cognitive
impairment refers to delirium.
Which of the following is not included in the care of plan of a client with a moderate
cognitive impairment involving dementia of the Alzheimer's type?
A. Daily structured schedule
B. Positive reinforcement for performing activities of daily living
C. Stimulating environment
D. Use of validation techniques - ANSWERAnswer C
A stimulating environment is a source of confusion and anxiety for a client with a
moderate level of impairment and, therefore, would not be included in the plan of care.
The remaining options are all appropriate interventions for this client.
Which of the following outcome criteria is appropriate for the client with dementia?
A. The client will return to an adequate level of self-functioning.
B. The client will learn new coping mechanisms to handle anxiety.
C. The client will seek out resources in the community for support.
D. The client will follow an established schedule for activities of daily living. -
ANSWERAnswer D
Following established activity schedules is a realistic expectation for clients with
dementia. All of the remaining outcome statements require a higher level of cognitive
ability that can be realistically expected of clients with this disorder.
, During the home visit of a client with dementia, the nurse notes that an adult daughter
persistently corrects her father's misperceptions of reality, even when the father
becomes upset and anxious. Which intervention should the nurse teach the caregiver?
A. Anxiety-reducing measures
B. Positive reinforcement
C. Reality orientation techniques
D. Validation techniques - ANSWERAnswer D
Validation techniques are useful measures for making emotional connections with a
client who can no longer maintain reality orientation. These measures are also helpful in
decreasing anxiety. Anxiety-reducing measures and positive reinforcements will also be
appropriate, but validation techniques will provide both anxiety reduction and positive
reinforcement for the client. Reality orientation techniques are not useful when the client
can no longer maintain reality contact and becomes upset when misperceptions are
corrected.
Mr. Lim who is diagnosed with moderate dementia has frequent catastrophic reactions
during shower time. Which of the following interventions should be implemented in the
plan of care? Select all that apply.
A. Assign consistent staff members to assist the client.
B. Accomplish the task quickly, with several staff members assisting.
C. Schedule the client's shower at the same time of day.
D. Sedate the client 30 minutes prior to showering.
E. Tell the client to remain calm while showering.
F. Use a calm, supportive, quiet manner when assisting the client. - ANSWERAnswer A,
C, F
Maintaining a consistent routine with the same staff members will help decrease the
client's anxiety that occurs whenever changes are made. A calm, quiet manner will be
reassuring to the client, also helping to minimize anxiety. Moving quickly with several
staff will increase the client's anxiety and may precipitate a catastrophic reaction. The
use of sedation is not indicated and may increase the risk of client injury from side effect
of drowsiness. Telling the client to remain calm is inappropriate because a client with
dementia cannot respond to such a direction.
The client with confusion says to the nurse, "I haven't had anything to eat all day long.
When are they going to bring breakfast?" The nurse saw the client in the day room
eating breakfast with other clients 30 minutes before this conversation. Which response
would be best for the nurse to make?
A. "I am so sorry that they didn't get you breakfast. I'll report it to the charge nurse."
B. "You will have to wait a while; lunch will be here in a little while."
C. "I'll get you some juice and toast. Would you like something else?"
D. "You know you had breakfast 30 minutes ago." - ANSWERAnswer C
The client who is confused might forget that he ate earlier. Don't argue with the client.
Simply get him something to eat that will satisfy him until lunch.
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS(GRADED
A+)
A student nurse was asked which of the following best describes dementia. Which of
the following best describes the condition?
A. Memory loss occurring as part of the natural consequence of aging
B. Difficulty coping with physical and psychological change
C. Severe cognitive impairment that occurs rapidly
D. Loss of cognitive abilities, impairing ability to perform activities of daily living -
ANSWERAnswer D
The impaired ability to perform self-care is an important measure of a client's dementia
progression and loss of cognitive abilities. Difficulty or impaired ability to perform normal
activities of daily living, such as maintaining hygiene and grooming, toileting, making
meals, and maintaining a household, are significant indications of dementia. Slowing of
processes necessary for information retrieval is a normal consequence of aging.
However, the global statement that memory loss occurs as part of natural aging is not
true. Dementia is not normal; it is a disease. Difficulty coping with changes can be
experienced by any client, not just one with dementia. The rapid occurrence of cognitive
impairment refers to delirium.
Which of the following is not included in the care of plan of a client with a moderate
cognitive impairment involving dementia of the Alzheimer's type?
A. Daily structured schedule
B. Positive reinforcement for performing activities of daily living
C. Stimulating environment
D. Use of validation techniques - ANSWERAnswer C
A stimulating environment is a source of confusion and anxiety for a client with a
moderate level of impairment and, therefore, would not be included in the plan of care.
The remaining options are all appropriate interventions for this client.
Which of the following outcome criteria is appropriate for the client with dementia?
A. The client will return to an adequate level of self-functioning.
B. The client will learn new coping mechanisms to handle anxiety.
C. The client will seek out resources in the community for support.
D. The client will follow an established schedule for activities of daily living. -
ANSWERAnswer D
Following established activity schedules is a realistic expectation for clients with
dementia. All of the remaining outcome statements require a higher level of cognitive
ability that can be realistically expected of clients with this disorder.
, During the home visit of a client with dementia, the nurse notes that an adult daughter
persistently corrects her father's misperceptions of reality, even when the father
becomes upset and anxious. Which intervention should the nurse teach the caregiver?
A. Anxiety-reducing measures
B. Positive reinforcement
C. Reality orientation techniques
D. Validation techniques - ANSWERAnswer D
Validation techniques are useful measures for making emotional connections with a
client who can no longer maintain reality orientation. These measures are also helpful in
decreasing anxiety. Anxiety-reducing measures and positive reinforcements will also be
appropriate, but validation techniques will provide both anxiety reduction and positive
reinforcement for the client. Reality orientation techniques are not useful when the client
can no longer maintain reality contact and becomes upset when misperceptions are
corrected.
Mr. Lim who is diagnosed with moderate dementia has frequent catastrophic reactions
during shower time. Which of the following interventions should be implemented in the
plan of care? Select all that apply.
A. Assign consistent staff members to assist the client.
B. Accomplish the task quickly, with several staff members assisting.
C. Schedule the client's shower at the same time of day.
D. Sedate the client 30 minutes prior to showering.
E. Tell the client to remain calm while showering.
F. Use a calm, supportive, quiet manner when assisting the client. - ANSWERAnswer A,
C, F
Maintaining a consistent routine with the same staff members will help decrease the
client's anxiety that occurs whenever changes are made. A calm, quiet manner will be
reassuring to the client, also helping to minimize anxiety. Moving quickly with several
staff will increase the client's anxiety and may precipitate a catastrophic reaction. The
use of sedation is not indicated and may increase the risk of client injury from side effect
of drowsiness. Telling the client to remain calm is inappropriate because a client with
dementia cannot respond to such a direction.
The client with confusion says to the nurse, "I haven't had anything to eat all day long.
When are they going to bring breakfast?" The nurse saw the client in the day room
eating breakfast with other clients 30 minutes before this conversation. Which response
would be best for the nurse to make?
A. "I am so sorry that they didn't get you breakfast. I'll report it to the charge nurse."
B. "You will have to wait a while; lunch will be here in a little while."
C. "I'll get you some juice and toast. Would you like something else?"
D. "You know you had breakfast 30 minutes ago." - ANSWERAnswer C
The client who is confused might forget that he ate earlier. Don't argue with the client.
Simply get him something to eat that will satisfy him until lunch.
