Pediatric Nursing
Comprehensive Quiz Guide: 100% Verified Questions with Correct
Answers
Section 1: Growth and Development (Questions 1-15)
1. What is the average weight gain for infants in the first 6 months?
• Answer: 5-7 ounces (150-210 grams) per week. Birth weight doubles by 6
months, triples by 12 months, and quadruples by 24 months.
2. What is the correct sequence of tooth eruption in infants?
• Answer: Lower central incisors first (6-8 months), then upper central
incisors, followed by lateral incisors, first molars, canines, and second
molars. Complete primary dentition by age 30 months (20 teeth).
3. At what age should anterior fontanel close?
• Answer: 12-18 months. Posterior fontanel closes by 2-3 months. Delayed
closure may indicate hydrocephalus or hypothyroidism. Early closure may
indicate microcephaly.
4. What is the expected head circumference growth pattern?
• Answer: Increases 2 cm per month for first 3 months, then 1 cm per month
until 6 months, then 0.5 cm per month until 12 months. Average head
circumference at birth: 33-35 cm.
5. According to Erikson's theory, what is the developmental task for infants (0-1
year)?
• Answer: Trust vs. Mistrust. Infant develops trust through consistent,
responsive caregiving. Failure results in mistrust and insecurity.
6. What is the developmental task for toddlers (1-3 years) according to Erikson?
, • Answer: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt. Toddlers develop independence
through choices and self-control. Overprotection or criticism leads to shame
and doubt.
7. What is the developmental task for preschoolers (3-6 years)?
• Answer: Initiative vs. Guilt. Children develop sense of purpose through play
and imagination. Excessive restrictions or criticism causes guilt.
8. What is the developmental task for school-age children (6-12 years)?
• Answer: Industry vs. Inferiority. Children develop competence through
academic and social achievements. Failure or lack of support leads to
feelings of inferiority.
9. What is the developmental task for adolescents (12-18 years)?
• Answer: Identity vs. Role Confusion. Adolescents develop sense of self and
personal identity. Inability to establish identity leads to role confusion.
10. According to Piaget, what is the cognitive stage for infants (0-2 years)?
• Answer: Sensorimotor stage. Learning through senses and motor activities.
Develops object permanence (8-12 months) - understanding objects exist
when out of sight.
11. What is Piaget's cognitive stage for preschoolers (2-7 years)?
• Answer: Preoperational stage. Characterized by egocentrism (difficulty
seeing others' perspectives), magical thinking, animism (giving life to
objects), and centration (focusing on one aspect).
12. What is Piaget's cognitive stage for school-age children (7-11 years)?
• Answer: Concrete operational stage. Develops logical thinking about
concrete objects, understands conservation (quantity remains same despite
appearance), reversibility, and classification.
13. What type of play is typical for toddlers?
, • Answer: Parallel play - playing alongside but not with other children. Also
enjoy solitary play and simple imitative play. Begin transitional play around
age 3.
14. What type of play is typical for preschoolers?
• Answer: Associative play (3-4 years) - playing together with similar activities
but no organization. Cooperative play (4-5 years) - organized play with roles
and rules.
15. What is the recommended sleep duration for different age groups?
• Answer: Newborns: 14-17 hours, Infants (4-11 months): 12-15 hours,
Toddlers: 11-14 hours, Preschoolers: 10-13 hours, School-age: 9-11 hours,
Adolescents: 8-10 hours.
Section 2: Vital Signs and Assessment (Questions 16-30)
16. What is the normal heart rate range for newborns?
• Answer: 120-160 beats per minute (can range 100-180). May increase to
180 with crying or activity. Bradycardia <100 bpm requires intervention.
17. What is the normal heart rate for infants (1-12 months)?
• Answer: 100-150 beats per minute at rest. May be lower during sleep (80-
90 bpm) and higher with activity.
18. What is the normal heart rate for toddlers (1-3 years)?
• Answer: 90-140 beats per minute. Decreases gradually as child ages.
19. What is the normal heart rate for preschoolers (3-6 years)?
• Answer: 80-120 beats per minute. Continues gradual decrease toward adult
values.
20. What is the normal heart rate for school-age children (6-12 years)?
• Answer: 70-110 beats per minute, approaching adult norms.
Comprehensive Quiz Guide: 100% Verified Questions with Correct
Answers
Section 1: Growth and Development (Questions 1-15)
1. What is the average weight gain for infants in the first 6 months?
• Answer: 5-7 ounces (150-210 grams) per week. Birth weight doubles by 6
months, triples by 12 months, and quadruples by 24 months.
2. What is the correct sequence of tooth eruption in infants?
• Answer: Lower central incisors first (6-8 months), then upper central
incisors, followed by lateral incisors, first molars, canines, and second
molars. Complete primary dentition by age 30 months (20 teeth).
3. At what age should anterior fontanel close?
• Answer: 12-18 months. Posterior fontanel closes by 2-3 months. Delayed
closure may indicate hydrocephalus or hypothyroidism. Early closure may
indicate microcephaly.
4. What is the expected head circumference growth pattern?
• Answer: Increases 2 cm per month for first 3 months, then 1 cm per month
until 6 months, then 0.5 cm per month until 12 months. Average head
circumference at birth: 33-35 cm.
5. According to Erikson's theory, what is the developmental task for infants (0-1
year)?
• Answer: Trust vs. Mistrust. Infant develops trust through consistent,
responsive caregiving. Failure results in mistrust and insecurity.
6. What is the developmental task for toddlers (1-3 years) according to Erikson?
, • Answer: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt. Toddlers develop independence
through choices and self-control. Overprotection or criticism leads to shame
and doubt.
7. What is the developmental task for preschoolers (3-6 years)?
• Answer: Initiative vs. Guilt. Children develop sense of purpose through play
and imagination. Excessive restrictions or criticism causes guilt.
8. What is the developmental task for school-age children (6-12 years)?
• Answer: Industry vs. Inferiority. Children develop competence through
academic and social achievements. Failure or lack of support leads to
feelings of inferiority.
9. What is the developmental task for adolescents (12-18 years)?
• Answer: Identity vs. Role Confusion. Adolescents develop sense of self and
personal identity. Inability to establish identity leads to role confusion.
10. According to Piaget, what is the cognitive stage for infants (0-2 years)?
• Answer: Sensorimotor stage. Learning through senses and motor activities.
Develops object permanence (8-12 months) - understanding objects exist
when out of sight.
11. What is Piaget's cognitive stage for preschoolers (2-7 years)?
• Answer: Preoperational stage. Characterized by egocentrism (difficulty
seeing others' perspectives), magical thinking, animism (giving life to
objects), and centration (focusing on one aspect).
12. What is Piaget's cognitive stage for school-age children (7-11 years)?
• Answer: Concrete operational stage. Develops logical thinking about
concrete objects, understands conservation (quantity remains same despite
appearance), reversibility, and classification.
13. What type of play is typical for toddlers?
, • Answer: Parallel play - playing alongside but not with other children. Also
enjoy solitary play and simple imitative play. Begin transitional play around
age 3.
14. What type of play is typical for preschoolers?
• Answer: Associative play (3-4 years) - playing together with similar activities
but no organization. Cooperative play (4-5 years) - organized play with roles
and rules.
15. What is the recommended sleep duration for different age groups?
• Answer: Newborns: 14-17 hours, Infants (4-11 months): 12-15 hours,
Toddlers: 11-14 hours, Preschoolers: 10-13 hours, School-age: 9-11 hours,
Adolescents: 8-10 hours.
Section 2: Vital Signs and Assessment (Questions 16-30)
16. What is the normal heart rate range for newborns?
• Answer: 120-160 beats per minute (can range 100-180). May increase to
180 with crying or activity. Bradycardia <100 bpm requires intervention.
17. What is the normal heart rate for infants (1-12 months)?
• Answer: 100-150 beats per minute at rest. May be lower during sleep (80-
90 bpm) and higher with activity.
18. What is the normal heart rate for toddlers (1-3 years)?
• Answer: 90-140 beats per minute. Decreases gradually as child ages.
19. What is the normal heart rate for preschoolers (3-6 years)?
• Answer: 80-120 beats per minute. Continues gradual decrease toward adult
values.
20. What is the normal heart rate for school-age children (6-12 years)?
• Answer: 70-110 beats per minute, approaching adult norms.
