NURS 5461 FINAL EXAM NEW
COMPLETE SET WITH QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED
Sarah, who is postmenopausal, has controlled asthma and hypertension
being effectively treated with medication, and she smokes cigarettes.
She has a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level of 170 mg/dL
and a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level of 40 mg/dL. To
reduce Sarah's risk of a coronary event, the treatment plan would focus
on
A. lowering her LDL cholesterol level.
B. lowering her HDL cholesterol level.
C. aggressively treating and controlling her
hypertension and asthma.
D. getting Sarah to stop smoking. - ANSWER -Answer: A
According to the ACC/AHA guideline, Sarah's treatment should focus on
lowering her lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol to less than 100
mg/dL because she has several risk factors for coronary artery disease.
Certainly treating her hypertension and asthma and assisting her with a
smoking cessation treatment program will also help. Further
recommendations may include weight management, encouraging
physical activity on most
pg. 1
,days of the week. The powerhouse medications for the reduction of LDL
cholesterol remains the hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase
inhibitors (statins).
The most common cause of elevated total and low-density lipoprotein
cholesterol levels in the United States is
A. heredity.
B. hypothyroidism.
C. diabetes.
D. a diet high in saturated fat. - ANSWER -Answer: D
Although heredity, hypothyroidism, and diabetes all contribute to
abnormal serum lipid levels, a diet high in saturated fat is the most
common cause of elevated total and low-density lipoprotein
cholesterol in the United States
Which of the following statements about hypertension is true?
A. It is frequently caused by pheochromocytoma.
B. It is usually the result of an underlying, correctable problem.
C. The cause is unknown in approximately 95% of cases.
D. It has a higher incidence among adult white men than any other
group. - ANSWER -Answer: C
pg. 2
,The cause of hypertension is unknown (idiopathic) in approximately
95% of cases. This form of hypertension is known as primary or
essential hypertension. The remaining 5% of cases are secondary to
underlying disease processes such as renal disease, renal artery stenosis
(RAS), pregnancy, endocrine disorders, and pheochromocytoma.
Confounding issues to address include obesity, NSAID usage, alcohol
usage, and smoking. The incidence of hypertension is greatest in black
adults.
What value on the ABI diagnoses PAD?
A. Less than 0.25
B. Less than 0.50
C. Less than 0.9
D. 1 or greater - ANSWER -Answer: D
The ankle-brachial index (ABI) result can help diagnose peripheral
arterial disease (PAD) and can be used to predict the severity of the
disease. A normal resting ankle-brachial index is 1.0 to 1.4. This means
that the BP in the ankle is the same as or greater than the pressure in
the arm and suggests that there is no significant narrowing or blockage
of blood fl ow. An abnormal resting ankle-brachial
index is 0.9 or lower. If the ABI is 0.91 to 0.99, it is considered
borderline abnormal.
pg. 3
, Harry, age 54, comes to your office with waxing and waning ischemic
symptoms over a period of days and weeks, an increase in angina
while at rest, and transient ST changes on his electrocardiogram. This
presentation leads you to believe that he is experiencing
A. a brain attack (stroke, CVA).
B. a myocardial infarction.
C. stable angina.
D. unstable angina. - ANSWER -Answer: D
The clinical presentation of unstable angina may include waxing and
waning of ischemic symptoms over a period of days or weeks. It often
involves a progressive increase in symptoms in those with
previous stable angina, including rest angina, and may include transient
ST changes on the electrocardiogram. The differential diagnosis of
unstable angina versus ST-segment elevation
myocardial infarction (STEMI) versus non- STEMI is confirmed by the
elevation of serum troponin. Important to note is the possibility of
acute coronary syndrome without the alteration in electrocardiographic
display.
Symptoms of a CVA (stroke or brain attack) may be sudden and include
weakness or numbness of the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side
of the body; confusion or difficulty speaking or understanding;
problems with vision such as dimness or loss of vision in one or both
pg. 4
COMPLETE SET WITH QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED
Sarah, who is postmenopausal, has controlled asthma and hypertension
being effectively treated with medication, and she smokes cigarettes.
She has a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level of 170 mg/dL
and a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level of 40 mg/dL. To
reduce Sarah's risk of a coronary event, the treatment plan would focus
on
A. lowering her LDL cholesterol level.
B. lowering her HDL cholesterol level.
C. aggressively treating and controlling her
hypertension and asthma.
D. getting Sarah to stop smoking. - ANSWER -Answer: A
According to the ACC/AHA guideline, Sarah's treatment should focus on
lowering her lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol to less than 100
mg/dL because she has several risk factors for coronary artery disease.
Certainly treating her hypertension and asthma and assisting her with a
smoking cessation treatment program will also help. Further
recommendations may include weight management, encouraging
physical activity on most
pg. 1
,days of the week. The powerhouse medications for the reduction of LDL
cholesterol remains the hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase
inhibitors (statins).
The most common cause of elevated total and low-density lipoprotein
cholesterol levels in the United States is
A. heredity.
B. hypothyroidism.
C. diabetes.
D. a diet high in saturated fat. - ANSWER -Answer: D
Although heredity, hypothyroidism, and diabetes all contribute to
abnormal serum lipid levels, a diet high in saturated fat is the most
common cause of elevated total and low-density lipoprotein
cholesterol in the United States
Which of the following statements about hypertension is true?
A. It is frequently caused by pheochromocytoma.
B. It is usually the result of an underlying, correctable problem.
C. The cause is unknown in approximately 95% of cases.
D. It has a higher incidence among adult white men than any other
group. - ANSWER -Answer: C
pg. 2
,The cause of hypertension is unknown (idiopathic) in approximately
95% of cases. This form of hypertension is known as primary or
essential hypertension. The remaining 5% of cases are secondary to
underlying disease processes such as renal disease, renal artery stenosis
(RAS), pregnancy, endocrine disorders, and pheochromocytoma.
Confounding issues to address include obesity, NSAID usage, alcohol
usage, and smoking. The incidence of hypertension is greatest in black
adults.
What value on the ABI diagnoses PAD?
A. Less than 0.25
B. Less than 0.50
C. Less than 0.9
D. 1 or greater - ANSWER -Answer: D
The ankle-brachial index (ABI) result can help diagnose peripheral
arterial disease (PAD) and can be used to predict the severity of the
disease. A normal resting ankle-brachial index is 1.0 to 1.4. This means
that the BP in the ankle is the same as or greater than the pressure in
the arm and suggests that there is no significant narrowing or blockage
of blood fl ow. An abnormal resting ankle-brachial
index is 0.9 or lower. If the ABI is 0.91 to 0.99, it is considered
borderline abnormal.
pg. 3
, Harry, age 54, comes to your office with waxing and waning ischemic
symptoms over a period of days and weeks, an increase in angina
while at rest, and transient ST changes on his electrocardiogram. This
presentation leads you to believe that he is experiencing
A. a brain attack (stroke, CVA).
B. a myocardial infarction.
C. stable angina.
D. unstable angina. - ANSWER -Answer: D
The clinical presentation of unstable angina may include waxing and
waning of ischemic symptoms over a period of days or weeks. It often
involves a progressive increase in symptoms in those with
previous stable angina, including rest angina, and may include transient
ST changes on the electrocardiogram. The differential diagnosis of
unstable angina versus ST-segment elevation
myocardial infarction (STEMI) versus non- STEMI is confirmed by the
elevation of serum troponin. Important to note is the possibility of
acute coronary syndrome without the alteration in electrocardiographic
display.
Symptoms of a CVA (stroke or brain attack) may be sudden and include
weakness or numbness of the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side
of the body; confusion or difficulty speaking or understanding;
problems with vision such as dimness or loss of vision in one or both
pg. 4
