Chronic Kidney Disease (Smarty PANCE) Test Questions and
Answers Rated A
What is the definition of chronic kidney disease phosphorus), acidosis
(CKD)?- Evidence of structural or functional
kidney abnormalities (abnormal urinalysis, In following patients with CKD, what laboratory
tests are indicated?-
imaging studies, or histology) that persist for at CBC (to detect
least 3 months, with or without a decreased GFR anemia), chemistry panels (to detect electrolyte
(as defined by a GFR of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2). and acid-base abnormalities), iron studies, lipid
profile, urinalysis, 24-hour urine collection for
What is the definition of stage I CKD?- GFR quantification of protein excretion and CrCl,
≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 (with urinary abnormalities serum PTH level, and vitamin D levels
such as proteinuria)
What findings are common on the urinalysis of
What is the definition of stage II CKD?- patients with CKD?- Proteinuria, hematuria,
GFR 60-90 mL/min/1.73 m2 isosthenuria (inability to concentrate or dilute the
urine). Urine microscopy may reveal broad
What is the definition of stage III CKD?- granular or waxy casts, which signify dilation and
GFR 30-59 mL/min/1.73 m2 hypertrophy of the remaining nephrons.
What is the definition of stage IV CKD?- What are the renal ultrasound findings in patients
GFR 15-29 mL/min/1.73 m2 with CKD?- Small (<9 cm), echogenic
kidneys with cortical thinning
What is the definition of stage V CKD?-
How is echogenicity of the kidney determined?-
GFR < 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 or ESRD
By comparing the texture of the kidney with
What is the definition of ESRD?- When the that of the liver; the greater the echogenicity, the
greater the amount of renal parenchymal
residual renal function is no longer sufficient to
scarring.
excrete the daily load of toxins, and metabolic
waste products accumulate so that symptoms of
What diagnoses should be considered in patients
uremia begin to occur. At this stage, renal
with CKD and large (>12 cm) kidneys on
replacement therapy (dialysis or transplantation)
is required to sustain life. ultrasound?- DM, infiltrative diseases
(amyloidosis, myeloma, lymphoma), HIV
At what GFR does ESRD generally occur?- nephropathy, and PKD
GFR is usually <10-15 mL/min.
What features are most helpful in distinguishing
acute kidney injury (AKI) from CKD with regard to
What are the most common risk factors for
Symptoms?- - Lack of symptoms is more
CKD?- HTN, atherosclerotic disease, DM,
common in CKD than in AKI.
obesity, increased age, African American race,
- Lab tests: CBC: Anemia is more common in
and a family history of CKD
CKD. PTH: More often elevated in CKD
- Renal ultrasound: Kidneys are often small and
What are the complications of CKD?-
echogenic in CKD, normal-sized in AKI.
Anemia, metabolic bone disease, vitamin
D deficiency, secondary hyperparathyroidism, In patients with CKD, what is the average decline
electrolyte disturbances (potassium,
in GFR per year?- There is substantial
1/3
Answers Rated A
What is the definition of chronic kidney disease phosphorus), acidosis
(CKD)?- Evidence of structural or functional
kidney abnormalities (abnormal urinalysis, In following patients with CKD, what laboratory
tests are indicated?-
imaging studies, or histology) that persist for at CBC (to detect
least 3 months, with or without a decreased GFR anemia), chemistry panels (to detect electrolyte
(as defined by a GFR of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2). and acid-base abnormalities), iron studies, lipid
profile, urinalysis, 24-hour urine collection for
What is the definition of stage I CKD?- GFR quantification of protein excretion and CrCl,
≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 (with urinary abnormalities serum PTH level, and vitamin D levels
such as proteinuria)
What findings are common on the urinalysis of
What is the definition of stage II CKD?- patients with CKD?- Proteinuria, hematuria,
GFR 60-90 mL/min/1.73 m2 isosthenuria (inability to concentrate or dilute the
urine). Urine microscopy may reveal broad
What is the definition of stage III CKD?- granular or waxy casts, which signify dilation and
GFR 30-59 mL/min/1.73 m2 hypertrophy of the remaining nephrons.
What is the definition of stage IV CKD?- What are the renal ultrasound findings in patients
GFR 15-29 mL/min/1.73 m2 with CKD?- Small (<9 cm), echogenic
kidneys with cortical thinning
What is the definition of stage V CKD?-
How is echogenicity of the kidney determined?-
GFR < 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 or ESRD
By comparing the texture of the kidney with
What is the definition of ESRD?- When the that of the liver; the greater the echogenicity, the
greater the amount of renal parenchymal
residual renal function is no longer sufficient to
scarring.
excrete the daily load of toxins, and metabolic
waste products accumulate so that symptoms of
What diagnoses should be considered in patients
uremia begin to occur. At this stage, renal
with CKD and large (>12 cm) kidneys on
replacement therapy (dialysis or transplantation)
is required to sustain life. ultrasound?- DM, infiltrative diseases
(amyloidosis, myeloma, lymphoma), HIV
At what GFR does ESRD generally occur?- nephropathy, and PKD
GFR is usually <10-15 mL/min.
What features are most helpful in distinguishing
acute kidney injury (AKI) from CKD with regard to
What are the most common risk factors for
Symptoms?- - Lack of symptoms is more
CKD?- HTN, atherosclerotic disease, DM,
common in CKD than in AKI.
obesity, increased age, African American race,
- Lab tests: CBC: Anemia is more common in
and a family history of CKD
CKD. PTH: More often elevated in CKD
- Renal ultrasound: Kidneys are often small and
What are the complications of CKD?-
echogenic in CKD, normal-sized in AKI.
Anemia, metabolic bone disease, vitamin
D deficiency, secondary hyperparathyroidism, In patients with CKD, what is the average decline
electrolyte disturbances (potassium,
in GFR per year?- There is substantial
1/3
