NSC 101 Final Exam Fall 2025/26 Update with complete solutions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i2loxo
1. What are the male gametes?: haploid sex cells united in fertilization; sperm
2. What is the function of the epididymis?: sperm maturation and storage; development of sperm
mobility.
3. What is the vas deferens?: The passageway that carries sperm to the urethra.
4. Where does the male reproductive system and the urinary tract merge?: Where
the ejaculatory ducts and urethra meet.
5. What is circumcision?: surgical removal of the foreskin
6. What is the refractory period in relation to an erection/ orgasm?: Period of time after
ejaculation before sexual arousal can occur again.
7. How many sperm are in each ejaculation?: approximately 400 million.
8. Why does the testes reside in the scrotum?: The scrotum helps regulate the temperature of
the testes because the internal body temperature is too high for sperm production.
9. What occurs in the seminiferous tubules?: sperm production (spermatogenesis)
10. What are sertoli cells?: Supporting cells that nourish and regulate spermatogenic cells.
11. What is the function of the acrosome of the sperm?: The acrosome has digestive enzymes
that are needed for the sperm to penetrate the egg.
12. What are the three parts of a sperm cell?: head (acrosome), middle piece (mitochondria that
gives energy for movement), tail (looks like a flagellum)
13. What is the function of interstitial cells in the testes?: secrete male sex hormones
(androgens)
14. What is the main sex hormone in men?: testosterone
15. What is the main sex hormone in women?: estrogen
16. What time in a man's life does sperm production begin?: Puberty
17. When sperm production starts, does it ever stop?: No
18. What is the female gamete?: ovum
19. What time in a female's life are eggs formed? How long do they take to
mature?: The first period; 14-15 days.
20. Are the uterine (fallopian) tubes attached to the ovaries?: Yes, the Fallopian tubes
extend from the uterus to the ovaries.
21. What area is the oocyte released into? What is the function of fimbriae in this
case?: fimbriae sweep oocyte is released into the oviducts where the oocyte is then propelled into the uterus.
22. Where does fertilization occur?: fallopian tubes (uterine tubes)
1/7
, NSC 101 Final Exam Fall 2025/26 Update with complete solutions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i2loxo
23. What is the inner lining of the uterus called?: endometrium
24. What is the function of the endometrium?: Lining of the uterus that sheds every month;
supplies nutrients and oxygen to egg before placenta grows.
25. Why do only 400 follicles ever mature into an oocyte?: Maturation only happens during
menstruation.
26. LH, a hormone in the anterior pituitary, spikes 24-48 hours before what
occurs in the ovarian cycle?: Ovulation
27. What causes menstruation?: drop in estrogen and progesterone.
28. What are homologous chromosomes?: paired chromosomes with genes for the same traits
arranged in the same order
29. What are sister chromatids?: 2 identical copies of DNA held together by a centromere
30. What is an allele?: an alternative version of a gene
31. What is a locus?: Location of a gene on a chromosome
32. Who is Mendel?: father of modern genetics; studied the offspring of peas
33. What is the law of segregation?: during the production of gametes the two copies of each hereditary
factor segregate so that offspring acquire one factor from each parent
34. Phenotype/ Genotype?: Phenotype is physical appearance/ genotype is alleles.
35. What is a dominant allele?: In a heterozygous individual, the allele that determines the phenotype,
capital letters.
36. What is a recessive allele?: An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present
37. Homozygous vs. heterozygous: homozygous: both alleles same
heterozygous: both alleles different
38. homozygous dominant: HH
39. heterozygous dominant: Hh
40. homozygous recessive: hh
41. What is a test cross?: crossing an organism with a dominant phenotype with one that has a recessive
phenotype
42. What is independent assortment?: genes for different traits can segregate independently during
the formation of gametes
43. What is a pedigree?: a chart that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait
44. What is incomplete dominance?: Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over
another allele; curly hair + straight hair = wavy hair
2/7
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i2loxo
1. What are the male gametes?: haploid sex cells united in fertilization; sperm
2. What is the function of the epididymis?: sperm maturation and storage; development of sperm
mobility.
3. What is the vas deferens?: The passageway that carries sperm to the urethra.
4. Where does the male reproductive system and the urinary tract merge?: Where
the ejaculatory ducts and urethra meet.
5. What is circumcision?: surgical removal of the foreskin
6. What is the refractory period in relation to an erection/ orgasm?: Period of time after
ejaculation before sexual arousal can occur again.
7. How many sperm are in each ejaculation?: approximately 400 million.
8. Why does the testes reside in the scrotum?: The scrotum helps regulate the temperature of
the testes because the internal body temperature is too high for sperm production.
9. What occurs in the seminiferous tubules?: sperm production (spermatogenesis)
10. What are sertoli cells?: Supporting cells that nourish and regulate spermatogenic cells.
11. What is the function of the acrosome of the sperm?: The acrosome has digestive enzymes
that are needed for the sperm to penetrate the egg.
12. What are the three parts of a sperm cell?: head (acrosome), middle piece (mitochondria that
gives energy for movement), tail (looks like a flagellum)
13. What is the function of interstitial cells in the testes?: secrete male sex hormones
(androgens)
14. What is the main sex hormone in men?: testosterone
15. What is the main sex hormone in women?: estrogen
16. What time in a man's life does sperm production begin?: Puberty
17. When sperm production starts, does it ever stop?: No
18. What is the female gamete?: ovum
19. What time in a female's life are eggs formed? How long do they take to
mature?: The first period; 14-15 days.
20. Are the uterine (fallopian) tubes attached to the ovaries?: Yes, the Fallopian tubes
extend from the uterus to the ovaries.
21. What area is the oocyte released into? What is the function of fimbriae in this
case?: fimbriae sweep oocyte is released into the oviducts where the oocyte is then propelled into the uterus.
22. Where does fertilization occur?: fallopian tubes (uterine tubes)
1/7
, NSC 101 Final Exam Fall 2025/26 Update with complete solutions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i2loxo
23. What is the inner lining of the uterus called?: endometrium
24. What is the function of the endometrium?: Lining of the uterus that sheds every month;
supplies nutrients and oxygen to egg before placenta grows.
25. Why do only 400 follicles ever mature into an oocyte?: Maturation only happens during
menstruation.
26. LH, a hormone in the anterior pituitary, spikes 24-48 hours before what
occurs in the ovarian cycle?: Ovulation
27. What causes menstruation?: drop in estrogen and progesterone.
28. What are homologous chromosomes?: paired chromosomes with genes for the same traits
arranged in the same order
29. What are sister chromatids?: 2 identical copies of DNA held together by a centromere
30. What is an allele?: an alternative version of a gene
31. What is a locus?: Location of a gene on a chromosome
32. Who is Mendel?: father of modern genetics; studied the offspring of peas
33. What is the law of segregation?: during the production of gametes the two copies of each hereditary
factor segregate so that offspring acquire one factor from each parent
34. Phenotype/ Genotype?: Phenotype is physical appearance/ genotype is alleles.
35. What is a dominant allele?: In a heterozygous individual, the allele that determines the phenotype,
capital letters.
36. What is a recessive allele?: An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present
37. Homozygous vs. heterozygous: homozygous: both alleles same
heterozygous: both alleles different
38. homozygous dominant: HH
39. heterozygous dominant: Hh
40. homozygous recessive: hh
41. What is a test cross?: crossing an organism with a dominant phenotype with one that has a recessive
phenotype
42. What is independent assortment?: genes for different traits can segregate independently during
the formation of gametes
43. What is a pedigree?: a chart that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait
44. What is incomplete dominance?: Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over
another allele; curly hair + straight hair = wavy hair
2/7
