GCU Bio 182 Exam 2 UPDATED Questions
and CORRECT Answers
Importance of Plants - CORRECT ANSWERS Food, oxygen, and medicine (25%)
Sporopollenin - CORRECT ANSWERS *Prevents exposed zygotes from drying out
*Found within plant spore walls
What transitional species was first to move to land? - CORRECT ANSWERS Ancestral
Charophyte
Benefits of Plants moving to Land - CORRECT ANSWERS Unfiltered sun, plentiful CO2,
nutrient-rich soil
Challenges present on land for newly moved plants - CORRECT ANSWERS Scarcity of
water and lack of structural support
Five key traits in nearly ALL land plants but NOT in charophytes - CORRECT
ANSWERS Alternation of generations
Multicellular, dependent embryos,
Walled spores produced in sporangia, Multicellular gametangia, Apical meristems
Alternation of Generations - CORRECT ANSWERS Alternate between 2 multicellular
stages (reproductive cycle)
Gametophyte = haploid (produces haploid gametes by mitosis)
Diploid Sporophyte: made by the fusion of gametes (produces haploid spores via meiosis)
Multicellular, Dependent Embryos - CORRECT ANSWERS Dependent on parent
Independent when released from parent
,Involves placental transfer cells
Involves embryophytes
Placental Transfer Cells - CORRECT ANSWERS nutrients are transferred from parent to
embryo
Embryophytes - CORRECT ANSWERS land plants; dependency of the embryo on the
parent
Walled Spores Produced in Sporangia - CORRECT ANSWERS Includes sporangia,
sporocytes, and sporopollenin (resistant to harsh environments)
Sporangia - CORRECT ANSWERS organ that has sporophytes that produces spores
Sporocytes - CORRECT ANSWERS diploid cells; undergo meiosis to generate haploid
spores
Multicellular Gametangia - CORRECT ANSWERS Includes Gametangia (organ
producing gametes), archegonia, and antheridia
Archegonia - CORRECT ANSWERS Female gametangia, produce eggs, site of
fertilization
Antheridia - CORRECT ANSWERS Male gametangia, produce/release sperm
Apical Meristems - CORRECT ANSWERS continual growth here, cells here differentiate
into various tissues, "points," at the tip of the shoot and the root
Cuticle - CORRECT ANSWERS waxy covering of the epidermis (leaves, stem)
Help prevents water loss
,Stomata (Stoma singular) - CORRECT ANSWERS cells that allow for gas exchange
between the outside air and the plant
CO2 enters
Oxygen leaves
Lower epidermis
Secondary compounds - CORRECT ANSWERS toxic chemicals, deter herbivores and
parasites
Does not have Vascular Tissue, Seeds, nor Flowers - CORRECT ANSWERS Bryophytes
Has Vascular Tissue but not seeds nor flowers - CORRECT ANSWERS Seedless Vascular
Has Vascular Tissue, Seeds, but no Flowers - CORRECT ANSWERS Gymnosperm
Has Vascular Tissue, Seeds, AND Flowers - CORRECT ANSWERS Angiosperm
Gymnosperms - CORRECT ANSWERS "naked seed" plants (conifers)
* Pine cone: female
* Pollen cone: male
*Exposed on sporophylls that form cones
Angiosperm - CORRECT ANSWERS Flowering plants
Flowers = Reproduction
Fruits - Mature ovaries
Seedless Vascular - CORRECT ANSWERS Lycophyta and Monilophyta
, Lycophytes - CORRECT ANSWERS Club mosses, etc.
Monilophytes - CORRECT ANSWERS Ferns, etc.
Grade - CORRECT ANSWERS organisms that are grouped based on shared key
biological features (not ancestry)
Bryophytes/Nonvascular Examples - CORRECT ANSWERS Liverworts, mosses,
hornworts
Bryophytes/ Nonvascular - CORRECT ANSWERS Small herbaceous (nonwoody and
green)
Bryophyte dominant? - CORRECT ANSWERS Gametophytes (larger and longer-living)
Life Cycle of Bryophytes - CORRECT ANSWERS Gametophyte composed of protonema
and gametophore
Protonema: beginning stage of haploid life cycle
Gametophore: gamete-producing
Rhizoids: anchoring (NOT ROOTS)
Flagellated sperm
Swim through film of water
Sporophyte of Bryophyte consists of: - CORRECT ANSWERS Foot, Seta (stalk), capsule
(sporangium), and peristome (discharges spores)
What do mosses and hornwort have but liverworts don't? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Stomata
and CORRECT Answers
Importance of Plants - CORRECT ANSWERS Food, oxygen, and medicine (25%)
Sporopollenin - CORRECT ANSWERS *Prevents exposed zygotes from drying out
*Found within plant spore walls
What transitional species was first to move to land? - CORRECT ANSWERS Ancestral
Charophyte
Benefits of Plants moving to Land - CORRECT ANSWERS Unfiltered sun, plentiful CO2,
nutrient-rich soil
Challenges present on land for newly moved plants - CORRECT ANSWERS Scarcity of
water and lack of structural support
Five key traits in nearly ALL land plants but NOT in charophytes - CORRECT
ANSWERS Alternation of generations
Multicellular, dependent embryos,
Walled spores produced in sporangia, Multicellular gametangia, Apical meristems
Alternation of Generations - CORRECT ANSWERS Alternate between 2 multicellular
stages (reproductive cycle)
Gametophyte = haploid (produces haploid gametes by mitosis)
Diploid Sporophyte: made by the fusion of gametes (produces haploid spores via meiosis)
Multicellular, Dependent Embryos - CORRECT ANSWERS Dependent on parent
Independent when released from parent
,Involves placental transfer cells
Involves embryophytes
Placental Transfer Cells - CORRECT ANSWERS nutrients are transferred from parent to
embryo
Embryophytes - CORRECT ANSWERS land plants; dependency of the embryo on the
parent
Walled Spores Produced in Sporangia - CORRECT ANSWERS Includes sporangia,
sporocytes, and sporopollenin (resistant to harsh environments)
Sporangia - CORRECT ANSWERS organ that has sporophytes that produces spores
Sporocytes - CORRECT ANSWERS diploid cells; undergo meiosis to generate haploid
spores
Multicellular Gametangia - CORRECT ANSWERS Includes Gametangia (organ
producing gametes), archegonia, and antheridia
Archegonia - CORRECT ANSWERS Female gametangia, produce eggs, site of
fertilization
Antheridia - CORRECT ANSWERS Male gametangia, produce/release sperm
Apical Meristems - CORRECT ANSWERS continual growth here, cells here differentiate
into various tissues, "points," at the tip of the shoot and the root
Cuticle - CORRECT ANSWERS waxy covering of the epidermis (leaves, stem)
Help prevents water loss
,Stomata (Stoma singular) - CORRECT ANSWERS cells that allow for gas exchange
between the outside air and the plant
CO2 enters
Oxygen leaves
Lower epidermis
Secondary compounds - CORRECT ANSWERS toxic chemicals, deter herbivores and
parasites
Does not have Vascular Tissue, Seeds, nor Flowers - CORRECT ANSWERS Bryophytes
Has Vascular Tissue but not seeds nor flowers - CORRECT ANSWERS Seedless Vascular
Has Vascular Tissue, Seeds, but no Flowers - CORRECT ANSWERS Gymnosperm
Has Vascular Tissue, Seeds, AND Flowers - CORRECT ANSWERS Angiosperm
Gymnosperms - CORRECT ANSWERS "naked seed" plants (conifers)
* Pine cone: female
* Pollen cone: male
*Exposed on sporophylls that form cones
Angiosperm - CORRECT ANSWERS Flowering plants
Flowers = Reproduction
Fruits - Mature ovaries
Seedless Vascular - CORRECT ANSWERS Lycophyta and Monilophyta
, Lycophytes - CORRECT ANSWERS Club mosses, etc.
Monilophytes - CORRECT ANSWERS Ferns, etc.
Grade - CORRECT ANSWERS organisms that are grouped based on shared key
biological features (not ancestry)
Bryophytes/Nonvascular Examples - CORRECT ANSWERS Liverworts, mosses,
hornworts
Bryophytes/ Nonvascular - CORRECT ANSWERS Small herbaceous (nonwoody and
green)
Bryophyte dominant? - CORRECT ANSWERS Gametophytes (larger and longer-living)
Life Cycle of Bryophytes - CORRECT ANSWERS Gametophyte composed of protonema
and gametophore
Protonema: beginning stage of haploid life cycle
Gametophore: gamete-producing
Rhizoids: anchoring (NOT ROOTS)
Flagellated sperm
Swim through film of water
Sporophyte of Bryophyte consists of: - CORRECT ANSWERS Foot, Seta (stalk), capsule
(sporangium), and peristome (discharges spores)
What do mosses and hornwort have but liverworts don't? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Stomata
