Biol 240 - UW - Midterm One Exam
Questions With Correct Answers
What |is |microbiology? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |study |of |microbes |examines |how |microbes
|interact |with |humans, |with |food, |and |how |they |can |be |used |by |humans
Microbes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Everything |small |that |we |might |study |as |microbiologists. |
Viruses, |archea, |eukaryotes, |and |bacteria
Microorganism |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Excluding |viruses, |inert |particles |don't |adhere |to |the |
strict |definition |of |life |so |they |are |not |included |under |the |topic |of |microorganisms
Prokaryotic |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Before |the |nucleus. |Bacteria |and |archaea, |both |are |
microorganisms
Eukaryotic |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-After/including |the |nucleus. |Fungi, |protazoa, |and |algae. |
Have |membrane |bound |organelles
Robert |Hooke |(1635-1703) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Dutch |philosopher, |early |microscopes |
allowed |first |description |of |microbes: |fruiting |structures |of |"molds" |(i.e., |fungi). |Made |small |
spherical |glass |lenses |to |make |a |compound |microscope, |two |lenses |working |together |to |
magnify |something |and |make |it |visible |to |the |eye. |He |looked |at |an |old |belt |and |saw |very |very |
small |plants |growing |on |the |old |leather. |He |published |a |book |about |these |small |things |under |
the |microscope
Antonievan |Leeuwenhoek |(1632-1723) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Made |improvements |in |
microscope |lens |construction |that |allowed |the |first |description |of |bacteria. |The |father |of |
microbiology. |He |looked |at |plaque |on |teeth
,What |would |happen |if |there |was |no |microbes |left |on |earth? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-We |
would |have |a |slight |disadvantage |in |digestion, |and |we |might |not |feel |right. |We |would |be |a |
kilogram |lighter. |Without |soil |microbes |we |wouldn't |be |able |to |break |down |anything. |Things |
wouldn't |mold, |leaves |wouldn't |break |down |into |the |ground. |Some |food |production |will |
cease, |bread |won't |rise
Jo |Handelsman |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Talked |to |Obama |about |the |microorganisms |in |his |
body
How |do |heterotroph |microbes |get |energy? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Ingests |pre-formed |
organic |molecules. |Eats |others, |this |is |basic |metabolism. |Organic |molecules |are |broken |down |
by |microbes |to |harness |chemical |energy |(ATP) |by |fermentation |(when |there |is |no |oxygen) |and |
aerobic |respiration |in |the |presence |of |oxygen. |Aerobic |respiration |produces |more |energy
How |do |autotroph |microbes |get |energy? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Produces |organic |molecules.
|Self-sufficient |like |a |plant, |eats |from |the |atmosphere. |Can |then |be |a |food |source |for |
heterotrophs
Macromolecules |in |Microbial |Cells |- |Proteins |(Polypetides |and |Amino |Acids) |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-These |make |up |over |50% |of |what |is |inside |of |a |cell
Macromolecules |in |Microbial |Cells |- |Nucleic |Acids |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-RNA |makes |up |
about |20% |of |the |cell |(90% |ribosomal |RNA |and |the |other |10% |is |the |other |kinds |of |RNA). |DNA
|makes |up |about |5%.
Macromolecules |in |Microbial |Cells |- |Lipids |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Makes |up |about |10% |of |
what |is |inside |the |cell. |Form |a |critical |physical |boundary |around |the |cell
Macromolecules |in |Microbial |Cells |- |Polysaccharides |(Sugars) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Used |for
|structural |support |and |energy |storage. |Makes |up |about |7% |of |the |cell.
,The |Phylogenetic |Tree |(Three |Groups) |by |Carl |Woese |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Divided |into |
three |domains |based |on |ribosomal |RNA |sequences. |Each |of |the |three |domains |have |important
|commonalities |and |defining |characteristics. |Bacteria, |Eukarya, |and |Archaea
Which |microbial |domain |has |membrane |bound |organelles |and |a |nuclear |membrane? |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Eukarya
Which |two |microbial |domains |have |similar |plasma |membranes? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
Eukarya |and |Bacteria
Cell |walls |are |found |in |many |species. |___ |almost |all |have |cell |walls |made |out |of |proteoglycan, |
___ |almost |all |have |cell |walls |made |out |of |various |materials, |and |___have |cell |walls |in |some |
species, |made |out |of |various |materials. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Bacteria, |Archaea, |Eukarya
Which |two |microbial |domains |have |a |single |type |of |polymerase? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
Bacteria |and |Archaea. |The |archaeal |polymerase |is |similar |to |that |of |the |eukaryal |RNA |
polymerase |II
Which |two |microbial |domains |have |histones? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Eukarya |and |Archaea. |
Bacteria |do |not |have |true |histones, |but |they |do |have |histone |like |proteins
Viruses |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Technically, |viruses |aren't |considered |"alive"because |they |
don't |replicate |outside |of |a |host |cell. |They |have |little |to |no |biochemical |activity |outside |of |a |
host |cell |making |them |inert |and |nonreactive |outside |of |a |host |cell
Stanley |Miller |and |Harold |Urey |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-In |the |1950s, |a |grad |student |and |his |
mentor, |simulated |the |"spark" |that |might |have |started |forming |organic |molecules |from |the |
primordial |soup
, Requirements |of |Early |Life |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Genetic |information |storage, |the |ability |to |
catalyze |biochemical |reactions, |and |a |way |of |separating |the |cell |interior |from |the |external |
environment. |Chemical |reactions |have |to |occur |within |a |capsulized |space |for |life |to |start
Ribozymes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-RNA |behaving |like |enzymes |(reaction |catalyst). |Genetic |
information |storage. |Self-replicating
Micelles |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-May |have |been |an |early |form |of |plasma |membrane
Last |Universal |Common |Ancestor |(LUCA) |by |Carl |Woese |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Occurred |
right |at |the |origin |of |life, |4 |billion |years |ago. |Features |of |LUCA |are |Membrane |bound, |ATP |as |
chemical |energy, |DNA |to |RNA |to |protein, |Eats |CO2, |Fixes |N2, |Anaerobe, |and |Thermophile |(lots
|of |heat |tolerance). |How |does |it |make |its |energy? |Hydrogen |(H2) |dependant. |Burns |hydrogen |
for |its |electrons, |hydrogen |oxidizer
What |does |LUCA |do |if |they |want |to |move |around |to |other |parts |of |the |planet |if |you |are |stuck |
to |your |source |of |electrons? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Water! |Follow |water!
How |to |circumvent |a |scarcity |of |electron |donors |in |a |reducing |environment? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-Water |is |everywhere. |If |you |can |figure |out |how |to |split |it |open |and |get |the |
electrons |out |of |it |and |dump |them |on |to |CO2 |and |fix |that |(change |it |into |to |something |they |
can |use |and |reuse) |into |organic |carbon. |Using |light |energy |we |figured |out |how |to |split |water |
and |use |oxygenic |photosynthesis.
Stromatolites |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Microbial |fossil |records |exist, |largely |in |fossilized
|"stromatolites" |(carbonate |pedestals |with |photosynthetic |microbial |mat |on |top). |They're |in |a |
biofilm |which |protects |them |from |oxygen. |Stromatolites |were |present |all |across |the |world. |
There |are |fossils |of |stromatolites |on |rock |faces
Endosymbiotic |Theory |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Primitive |prokaryotic |microbes |ingested |other |
microbes, |starting |a |symbiotic |relationship, |forming |the |first |basic |eukaryotes. |Mitochondrion |
and |chloroplast
Questions With Correct Answers
What |is |microbiology? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |study |of |microbes |examines |how |microbes
|interact |with |humans, |with |food, |and |how |they |can |be |used |by |humans
Microbes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Everything |small |that |we |might |study |as |microbiologists. |
Viruses, |archea, |eukaryotes, |and |bacteria
Microorganism |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Excluding |viruses, |inert |particles |don't |adhere |to |the |
strict |definition |of |life |so |they |are |not |included |under |the |topic |of |microorganisms
Prokaryotic |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Before |the |nucleus. |Bacteria |and |archaea, |both |are |
microorganisms
Eukaryotic |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-After/including |the |nucleus. |Fungi, |protazoa, |and |algae. |
Have |membrane |bound |organelles
Robert |Hooke |(1635-1703) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Dutch |philosopher, |early |microscopes |
allowed |first |description |of |microbes: |fruiting |structures |of |"molds" |(i.e., |fungi). |Made |small |
spherical |glass |lenses |to |make |a |compound |microscope, |two |lenses |working |together |to |
magnify |something |and |make |it |visible |to |the |eye. |He |looked |at |an |old |belt |and |saw |very |very |
small |plants |growing |on |the |old |leather. |He |published |a |book |about |these |small |things |under |
the |microscope
Antonievan |Leeuwenhoek |(1632-1723) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Made |improvements |in |
microscope |lens |construction |that |allowed |the |first |description |of |bacteria. |The |father |of |
microbiology. |He |looked |at |plaque |on |teeth
,What |would |happen |if |there |was |no |microbes |left |on |earth? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-We |
would |have |a |slight |disadvantage |in |digestion, |and |we |might |not |feel |right. |We |would |be |a |
kilogram |lighter. |Without |soil |microbes |we |wouldn't |be |able |to |break |down |anything. |Things |
wouldn't |mold, |leaves |wouldn't |break |down |into |the |ground. |Some |food |production |will |
cease, |bread |won't |rise
Jo |Handelsman |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Talked |to |Obama |about |the |microorganisms |in |his |
body
How |do |heterotroph |microbes |get |energy? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Ingests |pre-formed |
organic |molecules. |Eats |others, |this |is |basic |metabolism. |Organic |molecules |are |broken |down |
by |microbes |to |harness |chemical |energy |(ATP) |by |fermentation |(when |there |is |no |oxygen) |and |
aerobic |respiration |in |the |presence |of |oxygen. |Aerobic |respiration |produces |more |energy
How |do |autotroph |microbes |get |energy? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Produces |organic |molecules.
|Self-sufficient |like |a |plant, |eats |from |the |atmosphere. |Can |then |be |a |food |source |for |
heterotrophs
Macromolecules |in |Microbial |Cells |- |Proteins |(Polypetides |and |Amino |Acids) |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-These |make |up |over |50% |of |what |is |inside |of |a |cell
Macromolecules |in |Microbial |Cells |- |Nucleic |Acids |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-RNA |makes |up |
about |20% |of |the |cell |(90% |ribosomal |RNA |and |the |other |10% |is |the |other |kinds |of |RNA). |DNA
|makes |up |about |5%.
Macromolecules |in |Microbial |Cells |- |Lipids |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Makes |up |about |10% |of |
what |is |inside |the |cell. |Form |a |critical |physical |boundary |around |the |cell
Macromolecules |in |Microbial |Cells |- |Polysaccharides |(Sugars) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Used |for
|structural |support |and |energy |storage. |Makes |up |about |7% |of |the |cell.
,The |Phylogenetic |Tree |(Three |Groups) |by |Carl |Woese |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Divided |into |
three |domains |based |on |ribosomal |RNA |sequences. |Each |of |the |three |domains |have |important
|commonalities |and |defining |characteristics. |Bacteria, |Eukarya, |and |Archaea
Which |microbial |domain |has |membrane |bound |organelles |and |a |nuclear |membrane? |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Eukarya
Which |two |microbial |domains |have |similar |plasma |membranes? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
Eukarya |and |Bacteria
Cell |walls |are |found |in |many |species. |___ |almost |all |have |cell |walls |made |out |of |proteoglycan, |
___ |almost |all |have |cell |walls |made |out |of |various |materials, |and |___have |cell |walls |in |some |
species, |made |out |of |various |materials. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Bacteria, |Archaea, |Eukarya
Which |two |microbial |domains |have |a |single |type |of |polymerase? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
Bacteria |and |Archaea. |The |archaeal |polymerase |is |similar |to |that |of |the |eukaryal |RNA |
polymerase |II
Which |two |microbial |domains |have |histones? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Eukarya |and |Archaea. |
Bacteria |do |not |have |true |histones, |but |they |do |have |histone |like |proteins
Viruses |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Technically, |viruses |aren't |considered |"alive"because |they |
don't |replicate |outside |of |a |host |cell. |They |have |little |to |no |biochemical |activity |outside |of |a |
host |cell |making |them |inert |and |nonreactive |outside |of |a |host |cell
Stanley |Miller |and |Harold |Urey |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-In |the |1950s, |a |grad |student |and |his |
mentor, |simulated |the |"spark" |that |might |have |started |forming |organic |molecules |from |the |
primordial |soup
, Requirements |of |Early |Life |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Genetic |information |storage, |the |ability |to |
catalyze |biochemical |reactions, |and |a |way |of |separating |the |cell |interior |from |the |external |
environment. |Chemical |reactions |have |to |occur |within |a |capsulized |space |for |life |to |start
Ribozymes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-RNA |behaving |like |enzymes |(reaction |catalyst). |Genetic |
information |storage. |Self-replicating
Micelles |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-May |have |been |an |early |form |of |plasma |membrane
Last |Universal |Common |Ancestor |(LUCA) |by |Carl |Woese |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Occurred |
right |at |the |origin |of |life, |4 |billion |years |ago. |Features |of |LUCA |are |Membrane |bound, |ATP |as |
chemical |energy, |DNA |to |RNA |to |protein, |Eats |CO2, |Fixes |N2, |Anaerobe, |and |Thermophile |(lots
|of |heat |tolerance). |How |does |it |make |its |energy? |Hydrogen |(H2) |dependant. |Burns |hydrogen |
for |its |electrons, |hydrogen |oxidizer
What |does |LUCA |do |if |they |want |to |move |around |to |other |parts |of |the |planet |if |you |are |stuck |
to |your |source |of |electrons? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Water! |Follow |water!
How |to |circumvent |a |scarcity |of |electron |donors |in |a |reducing |environment? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-Water |is |everywhere. |If |you |can |figure |out |how |to |split |it |open |and |get |the |
electrons |out |of |it |and |dump |them |on |to |CO2 |and |fix |that |(change |it |into |to |something |they |
can |use |and |reuse) |into |organic |carbon. |Using |light |energy |we |figured |out |how |to |split |water |
and |use |oxygenic |photosynthesis.
Stromatolites |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Microbial |fossil |records |exist, |largely |in |fossilized
|"stromatolites" |(carbonate |pedestals |with |photosynthetic |microbial |mat |on |top). |They're |in |a |
biofilm |which |protects |them |from |oxygen. |Stromatolites |were |present |all |across |the |world. |
There |are |fossils |of |stromatolites |on |rock |faces
Endosymbiotic |Theory |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Primitive |prokaryotic |microbes |ingested |other |
microbes, |starting |a |symbiotic |relationship, |forming |the |first |basic |eukaryotes. |Mitochondrion |
and |chloroplast
