HURST Review Cardiac Exam Questions
With Correct Answers
Preload |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |amount |of |blood |returning |to |the |right |side |of |the |heart |
and |the |muscle |stretch |that |the |volume |causes. |ANP |is |released |when |we |have |this |stretch
Afterload |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |pressure |in |the |aorta |and |peripheral |arteries |that |the |
left |ventricle |has |to |pump |against |to |get |the |blood |out
The |pressure |during |afterload |is |referred |to |as |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-resistance
With |hypertension |there's |even |more |_______________ |for |the |________________________ |
to |pump |against |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-resistance; |left |ventricle
Hypertension |can |eventually |lead |to |_______________ |and |_________________, |because |
___________________. |Plus, |_________________ |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-HF; |pulmonary |
edema; |high |afterload |decreases |CO |and |decreases |forward |flow; |it |wears |your |heart |out
Stroke |volume |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |amount |of |blood |pumped |out |of |the |ventricles |
with |each |beat
CO |= |______ |X |_______ |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-HR; |SV
Tissue |perfusion |is |dependent |on |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-an |adequate |CO
Cardiac |output |changes |according |to |the |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-body's |demands |(needs)
,Factors |that |affect |CO |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |HR |and |certain |arrhythmias
2. |Blood |volume
3. |Decreased |contractility
Less |volume |= |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-less |CO
More |volume |= |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-more |CO
What |can |cause |decreased |contractility? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--MI
-medication
-cardiac |muscle |disease
Medications |that |affect |preload |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |diuretics |(furosemide)
2. |nitrates |(nitroglycerin)
Medications |that |affect |afterload |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |ACE |inhibitors |(enalapril, |
fosinopril, |captopril)
2. |ARBS |(losartan, |irbesartan)
3. |Hydralazine
4. |Nitrates
Medications |that |improve |contractility |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-inotropes |(dopamine, |
dobutamine, |milrinone)
Medications |that |affect |rate |control |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |Beta |blockers |(propanolol, |
metoprolol, |atenolol, |
,| carvedilol)
2. |Calcium |channel |blockers |(diltiazem, |verapamil, |
| amlodipine)
3. |Digoxin
How |do |diuretics |(furosemide) |and |nitrates |(nitroglycerin) |affect |cardiac |output? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-vasodilate |to |diurese |to |reduce |(decrease) |preload
How |do |ACE |inhibitors |(enalapril, |fosinopril, |captopril), |ARBS |(losartan, |irbesartan), |
Hydralazine, |and |Nitrates |affect |afterload? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-vasodilate |to |reduce |
(decrease) |afterload
If |CO |is |decreased, |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-you |cannot |perfuse |properly
If |CO |is |decreased, |what |will |happen |to |the |brain? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-LOC |will |go |down
If |CO |is |decreased, |what |will |happen |to |the |heart? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-clients |will |report |
chest |pain
If |CO |is |decreased, |what |will |happen |to |the |lungs? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-lungs |are |wet |and |
patients |have |SOB
If |CO |is |decreased, |what |will |happen |to |the |skin? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-it |will |be |cold |and |
clammy
If |CO |is |decreased, |what |will |happen |to |the |kidneys? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-UO |goes |down
, If |CO |is |decreased, |what |will |happen |to |peripheral |pulses? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-weak |and |
thready
Arrhythmias |are |no |big |deal |UNTIL, |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-they |affect |your |CO
3 |arrhythmias |that |are |always |a |big |deal |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |pulseless |ventricular |
tachycardia
2. |ventricular |fibrillation
3. |asystole
CAD |is |the |most |common |type |of |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-cardiovascular |disease
CAD |is |a |broad |term |that |includes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--chronic |stable |angina
-acute |coronary |syndrome
Chronic |stable |angina |is |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-intermittent |decreased |blood |flow |to |the |
myocardium |that |leads |to |ischemia
The |ischemia |brought |on |by |chronic |stable |angina |can |lead |to |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
temporary |pain/pressure |in |chest
Chronic |Stable |Angina: |The |pain |associated |is |brought |on |by |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-low |O2 |
usually |d/t |exertion
Chronic |Stable |Angina: |What |relieves |the |pain? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-rest |and/or |
nitroglycerin |SL
Medications |for |Chronic |Stable |Angina |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |nitroglycerin |(Nitrostat) |SL
With Correct Answers
Preload |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |amount |of |blood |returning |to |the |right |side |of |the |heart |
and |the |muscle |stretch |that |the |volume |causes. |ANP |is |released |when |we |have |this |stretch
Afterload |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |pressure |in |the |aorta |and |peripheral |arteries |that |the |
left |ventricle |has |to |pump |against |to |get |the |blood |out
The |pressure |during |afterload |is |referred |to |as |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-resistance
With |hypertension |there's |even |more |_______________ |for |the |________________________ |
to |pump |against |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-resistance; |left |ventricle
Hypertension |can |eventually |lead |to |_______________ |and |_________________, |because |
___________________. |Plus, |_________________ |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-HF; |pulmonary |
edema; |high |afterload |decreases |CO |and |decreases |forward |flow; |it |wears |your |heart |out
Stroke |volume |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |amount |of |blood |pumped |out |of |the |ventricles |
with |each |beat
CO |= |______ |X |_______ |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-HR; |SV
Tissue |perfusion |is |dependent |on |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-an |adequate |CO
Cardiac |output |changes |according |to |the |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-body's |demands |(needs)
,Factors |that |affect |CO |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |HR |and |certain |arrhythmias
2. |Blood |volume
3. |Decreased |contractility
Less |volume |= |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-less |CO
More |volume |= |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-more |CO
What |can |cause |decreased |contractility? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--MI
-medication
-cardiac |muscle |disease
Medications |that |affect |preload |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |diuretics |(furosemide)
2. |nitrates |(nitroglycerin)
Medications |that |affect |afterload |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |ACE |inhibitors |(enalapril, |
fosinopril, |captopril)
2. |ARBS |(losartan, |irbesartan)
3. |Hydralazine
4. |Nitrates
Medications |that |improve |contractility |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-inotropes |(dopamine, |
dobutamine, |milrinone)
Medications |that |affect |rate |control |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |Beta |blockers |(propanolol, |
metoprolol, |atenolol, |
,| carvedilol)
2. |Calcium |channel |blockers |(diltiazem, |verapamil, |
| amlodipine)
3. |Digoxin
How |do |diuretics |(furosemide) |and |nitrates |(nitroglycerin) |affect |cardiac |output? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-vasodilate |to |diurese |to |reduce |(decrease) |preload
How |do |ACE |inhibitors |(enalapril, |fosinopril, |captopril), |ARBS |(losartan, |irbesartan), |
Hydralazine, |and |Nitrates |affect |afterload? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-vasodilate |to |reduce |
(decrease) |afterload
If |CO |is |decreased, |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-you |cannot |perfuse |properly
If |CO |is |decreased, |what |will |happen |to |the |brain? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-LOC |will |go |down
If |CO |is |decreased, |what |will |happen |to |the |heart? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-clients |will |report |
chest |pain
If |CO |is |decreased, |what |will |happen |to |the |lungs? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-lungs |are |wet |and |
patients |have |SOB
If |CO |is |decreased, |what |will |happen |to |the |skin? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-it |will |be |cold |and |
clammy
If |CO |is |decreased, |what |will |happen |to |the |kidneys? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-UO |goes |down
, If |CO |is |decreased, |what |will |happen |to |peripheral |pulses? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-weak |and |
thready
Arrhythmias |are |no |big |deal |UNTIL, |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-they |affect |your |CO
3 |arrhythmias |that |are |always |a |big |deal |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |pulseless |ventricular |
tachycardia
2. |ventricular |fibrillation
3. |asystole
CAD |is |the |most |common |type |of |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-cardiovascular |disease
CAD |is |a |broad |term |that |includes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--chronic |stable |angina
-acute |coronary |syndrome
Chronic |stable |angina |is |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-intermittent |decreased |blood |flow |to |the |
myocardium |that |leads |to |ischemia
The |ischemia |brought |on |by |chronic |stable |angina |can |lead |to |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
temporary |pain/pressure |in |chest
Chronic |Stable |Angina: |The |pain |associated |is |brought |on |by |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-low |O2 |
usually |d/t |exertion
Chronic |Stable |Angina: |What |relieves |the |pain? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-rest |and/or |
nitroglycerin |SL
Medications |for |Chronic |Stable |Angina |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |nitroglycerin |(Nitrostat) |SL
