Biology 1406 Exam #2 Collin College
questions and answers
What element does an organic organism contain? - ANS ✔✔Carbon
What is thought to arise only in living organisms? - ANS ✔✔Carbon
What is the Miller-Urey experiment? - ANS ✔✔a chemical experiment that simulated the
conditions thought at the time to be present on the early Earth, and tested the chemical origin
of life under those conditions.
Organic molecules have what kind of diversity? - ANS ✔✔Unparalleled
What does it mean when we say carbon has unparalleled diversity? - ANS ✔✔It is unparalleled
in its ability to form large, complex, and diverse molecules
What are organic compounds? - ANS ✔✔Compounds that contain carbon
What are carbon skeletons? - ANS ✔✔carbon chains form backbones of many organic
compounds that can take many shapes, in the form of hydrocarbons (only carbon and hydrogen
in compunds)
Different types of carbon skeletons? - ANS ✔✔length, branching, double bonds, and rings
What kind of molecules are composed of only carbons and hydrogen? - ANS ✔✔hydrocarbons
,What are hydrocarbons composed of? - ANS ✔✔Petroleum and fats
What are isomers? - ANS ✔✔compounds with the same molecular formula but different
structures and properties. It is functionally different as a result
What are the three types of isomers? - ANS ✔✔structural, cis-trans, enantiomers
What are structural isomers? - ANS ✔✔have different covalent arrangements of their carbon
skeleton
What are cis-trans isomers? - ANS ✔✔differ in arrangement around double bonds
cis means - ANS ✔✔atoms attached to carbon skeleton on same side
trans means - ANS ✔✔atoms on opposite sides of carbon skeleton
What are enantiomers isomers? - ANS ✔✔mirror image of each other
Structural Isomers look like what? - ANS ✔✔
What do cis-trans isomers look like? - ANS ✔✔
What do enantiomers look like? - ANS ✔✔
What do isomers look like? - ANS ✔✔
, What is very important about enantiomers? - ANS ✔✔Pharmacologically very important,
different enantiomers can have different affects
Definition of Functional Groups - ANS ✔✔affects molecules function by reacting differently to
chemical reactions, and by changing structure
What are the five hydrophilic functional groups? - ANS ✔✔hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino,
phosphate, and sulfhydryl
What functional group is hydrophobic? - ANS ✔✔Methyl Group
What does Hydroxyl Group consist of? - ANS ✔✔hydrogen atoms bonded to oxygen atoms (-
OH)
What functional group does ethanol and other alcohols belong to? - ANS ✔✔Hydroxyl
What do hydroxyl functional groups look like? - ANS ✔✔Has an OH attached to the end of it
What does a carbonyl functional group consist of? - ANS ✔✔Carbon atom linked by a double
bond to an oxygen atom
(C=O)
What does aldehyde carbonyl means? - ANS ✔✔The carbon atom is at the end of carbon
skeleton
What is an example of a aldehyde carbonyl? - ANS ✔✔Propanol
questions and answers
What element does an organic organism contain? - ANS ✔✔Carbon
What is thought to arise only in living organisms? - ANS ✔✔Carbon
What is the Miller-Urey experiment? - ANS ✔✔a chemical experiment that simulated the
conditions thought at the time to be present on the early Earth, and tested the chemical origin
of life under those conditions.
Organic molecules have what kind of diversity? - ANS ✔✔Unparalleled
What does it mean when we say carbon has unparalleled diversity? - ANS ✔✔It is unparalleled
in its ability to form large, complex, and diverse molecules
What are organic compounds? - ANS ✔✔Compounds that contain carbon
What are carbon skeletons? - ANS ✔✔carbon chains form backbones of many organic
compounds that can take many shapes, in the form of hydrocarbons (only carbon and hydrogen
in compunds)
Different types of carbon skeletons? - ANS ✔✔length, branching, double bonds, and rings
What kind of molecules are composed of only carbons and hydrogen? - ANS ✔✔hydrocarbons
,What are hydrocarbons composed of? - ANS ✔✔Petroleum and fats
What are isomers? - ANS ✔✔compounds with the same molecular formula but different
structures and properties. It is functionally different as a result
What are the three types of isomers? - ANS ✔✔structural, cis-trans, enantiomers
What are structural isomers? - ANS ✔✔have different covalent arrangements of their carbon
skeleton
What are cis-trans isomers? - ANS ✔✔differ in arrangement around double bonds
cis means - ANS ✔✔atoms attached to carbon skeleton on same side
trans means - ANS ✔✔atoms on opposite sides of carbon skeleton
What are enantiomers isomers? - ANS ✔✔mirror image of each other
Structural Isomers look like what? - ANS ✔✔
What do cis-trans isomers look like? - ANS ✔✔
What do enantiomers look like? - ANS ✔✔
What do isomers look like? - ANS ✔✔
, What is very important about enantiomers? - ANS ✔✔Pharmacologically very important,
different enantiomers can have different affects
Definition of Functional Groups - ANS ✔✔affects molecules function by reacting differently to
chemical reactions, and by changing structure
What are the five hydrophilic functional groups? - ANS ✔✔hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino,
phosphate, and sulfhydryl
What functional group is hydrophobic? - ANS ✔✔Methyl Group
What does Hydroxyl Group consist of? - ANS ✔✔hydrogen atoms bonded to oxygen atoms (-
OH)
What functional group does ethanol and other alcohols belong to? - ANS ✔✔Hydroxyl
What do hydroxyl functional groups look like? - ANS ✔✔Has an OH attached to the end of it
What does a carbonyl functional group consist of? - ANS ✔✔Carbon atom linked by a double
bond to an oxygen atom
(C=O)
What does aldehyde carbonyl means? - ANS ✔✔The carbon atom is at the end of carbon
skeleton
What is an example of a aldehyde carbonyl? - ANS ✔✔Propanol
