BIOL 1406 exam 2 chapters 5-7 Collin
college well answered graded A+
define macromolecules. name them - ANS ✔✔large molecules composed of thousands of
covalently connected atoms
define polymers? monomers - ANS ✔✔polymers- long molecule consisting of many similar
building blocks
monomers- small building-block molecules
what is dehydration reaction - ANS ✔✔occurs when 2 monomers bond together through the
loss of a water molecules
hydrolysis - ANS ✔✔polymers are disassembled to monomers; reaction that is essentially the
reverse of dehydration reaction
what are carbohydrates? what is a monosaccharide? what is its use to a cell - ANS ✔✔carbs-
serve as fuel and building material (1st thing body goes to)
monosaccharide- simplest/single sugars; glucose is the most common
what is the general molecular formula for a monosaccharide - ANS ✔✔CH2O
what is a disaccharide? glycosidic linkage. know sucrose examples - ANS ✔✔disaccharide-
formed when a dehydration and reaction joins 2 monosaccharides
,glycosidic linkage- covalent bond
what are polysaccharides? know starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin - ANS
✔✔polysaccharides- polymers of sugars (many), have storage and structural roles
starch- plants store gluslose (bread, pasta rice, potatos)
glycogen- animals store glucose
cellulose- makes up the cell wall of plants
chitin- found in the exoskeleton of arthropods
how are polymers with glucose different from B glucose - ANS ✔✔polymers with a glucose are
helical
polymers with B are straight
-form microfibrils, which form strong building materials for plants
what compounds makes up the diverse groups, liquids - ANS ✔✔fats & oils
phospholipids
steroids
waxes
what are fats constructed of? what is an ester linkage? triacylglyerol? - ANS ✔✔fats- glycerol
and fatty acids
, fatty acids- consists of a carboxyl group attached to a long carbon skeleton
What are saturated fats? Unsaturated fats? What are the properties of each? Where are they
found? Which are healthier? - ANS ✔✔satured fats- maximum number of hydrogen atom
possible and no double bonds; fiybd ub bytter
unsaturated fatty acids- have one or more double bonds; found in plant/fish oils; healthier
what is meant by trans fats - ANS ✔✔more than saturated fats to cardiovascular disease
define essential fatty acids. examples - ANS ✔✔include the meta-e fatty acids, required for
normal growth
what is the major function of fats - ANS ✔✔energy source
what makes up phospholipids? what are they the major component of - ANS ✔✔two fatty acids
and a phosphate group are attached to glycerol
-two fatty acids tails are hydrophobic but the phosphate group and its attachements form a
hydropilic head
*major component of all cell membranes*
what are steroids? why is cholesterol important - ANS ✔✔sterioids- lipids characterized by a
carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings
cholesterol- found in animal cell membrane, importatnt steroid, high level in the blook may
contribute to cardiovascular disease
college well answered graded A+
define macromolecules. name them - ANS ✔✔large molecules composed of thousands of
covalently connected atoms
define polymers? monomers - ANS ✔✔polymers- long molecule consisting of many similar
building blocks
monomers- small building-block molecules
what is dehydration reaction - ANS ✔✔occurs when 2 monomers bond together through the
loss of a water molecules
hydrolysis - ANS ✔✔polymers are disassembled to monomers; reaction that is essentially the
reverse of dehydration reaction
what are carbohydrates? what is a monosaccharide? what is its use to a cell - ANS ✔✔carbs-
serve as fuel and building material (1st thing body goes to)
monosaccharide- simplest/single sugars; glucose is the most common
what is the general molecular formula for a monosaccharide - ANS ✔✔CH2O
what is a disaccharide? glycosidic linkage. know sucrose examples - ANS ✔✔disaccharide-
formed when a dehydration and reaction joins 2 monosaccharides
,glycosidic linkage- covalent bond
what are polysaccharides? know starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin - ANS
✔✔polysaccharides- polymers of sugars (many), have storage and structural roles
starch- plants store gluslose (bread, pasta rice, potatos)
glycogen- animals store glucose
cellulose- makes up the cell wall of plants
chitin- found in the exoskeleton of arthropods
how are polymers with glucose different from B glucose - ANS ✔✔polymers with a glucose are
helical
polymers with B are straight
-form microfibrils, which form strong building materials for plants
what compounds makes up the diverse groups, liquids - ANS ✔✔fats & oils
phospholipids
steroids
waxes
what are fats constructed of? what is an ester linkage? triacylglyerol? - ANS ✔✔fats- glycerol
and fatty acids
, fatty acids- consists of a carboxyl group attached to a long carbon skeleton
What are saturated fats? Unsaturated fats? What are the properties of each? Where are they
found? Which are healthier? - ANS ✔✔satured fats- maximum number of hydrogen atom
possible and no double bonds; fiybd ub bytter
unsaturated fatty acids- have one or more double bonds; found in plant/fish oils; healthier
what is meant by trans fats - ANS ✔✔more than saturated fats to cardiovascular disease
define essential fatty acids. examples - ANS ✔✔include the meta-e fatty acids, required for
normal growth
what is the major function of fats - ANS ✔✔energy source
what makes up phospholipids? what are they the major component of - ANS ✔✔two fatty acids
and a phosphate group are attached to glycerol
-two fatty acids tails are hydrophobic but the phosphate group and its attachements form a
hydropilic head
*major component of all cell membranes*
what are steroids? why is cholesterol important - ANS ✔✔sterioids- lipids characterized by a
carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings
cholesterol- found in animal cell membrane, importatnt steroid, high level in the blook may
contribute to cardiovascular disease
