Pathophysiology Exam 1 Practice
Problems Question & Answers 2025
A patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the
removal of a lobe of his liver. Adaptation to the reduced
size of the liver leads to ___________ of the remaining liver
cells.
A. Metaplasia
B. Organ atrophy
C. Compensatory hyperplasia
D. Physiologic hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔C
An older adult patient comes to the clinic complaining of
not being able to do what he used to be able to. You know
that normal changes associated with aging include:
(Select all that apply.)
A. Improved blood flow
B. Slowed metabolic rate
C. Decreased brain weight
D. Improved nerve fiber conduction
E. Less respiratory capacity - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔B, C, E
,Pathophysiology Exam 1 Practice
Problems Question & Answers 2025
A 20-year-old college student has presented to her
campus medical clinic for a scheduled Pap smear. The
clinician who will interpret the smear will examine cell
samples for evidence of:
A. Changes in cell shape, size, and organization
B. Presence of unexpected cell types
C. Ischemic changes in cell sample
D. Abnormally high numbers of cells - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔A
The parents of a 4-year-old girl have sought care because
their daughter has admitted to chewing and swallowing
imported toy figurines that have been determined to be
made of lead. Which of the following blood tests should
the care team prioritize?
A. White blood cell levels with differential
B. Red blood cell levels and morphology
C. Urea and creatinine levels
D. Liver function panel - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔B
Lead -> anemia, RBC lysis
,Pathophysiology Exam 1 Practice
Problems Question & Answers 2025
You know it's not A because there is no infection involved.
C is focused on kidney function while D is focused on liver
function. Both of these would be important in the case of
lead poisoning BUT the priority answer is B, because you
need first to address the most life-threatening patient
needs. The little girl in this question can go into shock or
suffer permanent organ damage if her RBCs are low.
A patient with severe peripheral vascular disease has
developed signs of dry gangrene on the great toe of one
foot. Which of the following pathophysiologic processes
most likely contributed to this diagnosis?
A. Inappropriate activation of apoptosis
B. Bacterial invasion
C. Impaired arterial blood supply
D. Metaplastic cellular changes - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔B
Remember that it's not C because to have gangrene, you
must have infection
, Pathophysiology Exam 1 Practice
Problems Question & Answers 2025
Although stress exposure initiates integrated responses
by multiple systems, the most important changes are first
activated by which system?
A. Pulmonary
B. Gastrointestinal
C. Neuroendocrine
D. Cardiovascular - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔C
Which manifestation of stress reflects the non-specific
fight or flight response?
A. Decreased pupillary light response
B. Increased GI motility
C. Decreased short-term memory
D. Increased cardiopulmonary rates - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔D
This would fall under physiologic responses to stress!!
Slide 25 in your lecture powerpoint
Stress-induced cortisol hormone secretion is associated
with:
Problems Question & Answers 2025
A patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the
removal of a lobe of his liver. Adaptation to the reduced
size of the liver leads to ___________ of the remaining liver
cells.
A. Metaplasia
B. Organ atrophy
C. Compensatory hyperplasia
D. Physiologic hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔C
An older adult patient comes to the clinic complaining of
not being able to do what he used to be able to. You know
that normal changes associated with aging include:
(Select all that apply.)
A. Improved blood flow
B. Slowed metabolic rate
C. Decreased brain weight
D. Improved nerve fiber conduction
E. Less respiratory capacity - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔B, C, E
,Pathophysiology Exam 1 Practice
Problems Question & Answers 2025
A 20-year-old college student has presented to her
campus medical clinic for a scheduled Pap smear. The
clinician who will interpret the smear will examine cell
samples for evidence of:
A. Changes in cell shape, size, and organization
B. Presence of unexpected cell types
C. Ischemic changes in cell sample
D. Abnormally high numbers of cells - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔A
The parents of a 4-year-old girl have sought care because
their daughter has admitted to chewing and swallowing
imported toy figurines that have been determined to be
made of lead. Which of the following blood tests should
the care team prioritize?
A. White blood cell levels with differential
B. Red blood cell levels and morphology
C. Urea and creatinine levels
D. Liver function panel - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔B
Lead -> anemia, RBC lysis
,Pathophysiology Exam 1 Practice
Problems Question & Answers 2025
You know it's not A because there is no infection involved.
C is focused on kidney function while D is focused on liver
function. Both of these would be important in the case of
lead poisoning BUT the priority answer is B, because you
need first to address the most life-threatening patient
needs. The little girl in this question can go into shock or
suffer permanent organ damage if her RBCs are low.
A patient with severe peripheral vascular disease has
developed signs of dry gangrene on the great toe of one
foot. Which of the following pathophysiologic processes
most likely contributed to this diagnosis?
A. Inappropriate activation of apoptosis
B. Bacterial invasion
C. Impaired arterial blood supply
D. Metaplastic cellular changes - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔B
Remember that it's not C because to have gangrene, you
must have infection
, Pathophysiology Exam 1 Practice
Problems Question & Answers 2025
Although stress exposure initiates integrated responses
by multiple systems, the most important changes are first
activated by which system?
A. Pulmonary
B. Gastrointestinal
C. Neuroendocrine
D. Cardiovascular - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔C
Which manifestation of stress reflects the non-specific
fight or flight response?
A. Decreased pupillary light response
B. Increased GI motility
C. Decreased short-term memory
D. Increased cardiopulmonary rates - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔D
This would fall under physiologic responses to stress!!
Slide 25 in your lecture powerpoint
Stress-induced cortisol hormone secretion is associated
with:
