NR /
623
/ /
FINAL
/ /
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
/ // // // //
What /
/is /
/the /
/most /
/common //electrolyte //disturbance //in //liver //failure? //That //is //also //seen //in //dialysis //patients
Sodium //- //hyponatremia
What //is //the //standard //medical //management //for //hepatic //encephalopathy?
Lactulose //and //refaximin
What /
/is //the //most //life //threatening //and //therefore //concerning //complication //of //ulcerative //colitis?
Toxic //megacolon
What //scan //is //used //for //diagnostics //of //diverticular //disease?
CT //scan //of //the //LLQ //plane
,What //is //the //neer //impingement //test //for //in //a //shoulder?
The /
/Neer /
/Test /
/(sometimes /
/called /
/Neer's /
/Test) /
/is //
a/
/common /
/test /
/in /
/orthopedic /
/examination /
/of /
/the /
/shoulder. /
/It /
/is /
/used /
/to /
/test /
/for /
/subacromial /
/impingement /
/of /
/rotator /
/cuff /
/tendons. //This //is //also //known //as //Subacromial //Pain //Syndrome //or //Impingement //Syndrome.
Starting //Position
The /
/test /
/is /
/best /
,/performed /
/with /
/the /
/patient /
/in //
a/
/relaxed /
/standing /
/position. /
/The /
/arm /
/to /
/be /
/tested /
/should /
/be //moved //passively //by //the //examiner. //The //patient's //arm //of //the //shoulder //to //be //tested //is
//positioned /
/such //that //the //arm //is //relaxed //at //the //side //of //the //body //and //the //elbow //is //fully //extended.
Test //Movement
From /
/the /
/starting /
/position, /
/the /
/examiner /
/internally /
/rotates /
/the /
/patient's /
/arm /
/and //forcefully //moves //the //arm //through //the //full //range //of //forward //flexion //or //until //reports
//of //pain.
Positive //Test
The /
/Neer /
/test /
, /is /
/considered //positive //if //pain //is //reported //in //the //anterior //- //lateral //aspect //of //the //shoulder.
What //are //the //general //considerations //for //rotator //cuff //tear?
1. //A //common //cause //of //shoulder //impingement //syndrome //after //age //of //40
2. //Difficulty //living //the //arm //with //limited //active //range //of //motion
3. //Weakness //with //resisted //strength //testing //suggests //full-thickness //tears
4. //Tears //can //occur //following //trauma //or //can //be //degenerative
5. //Usually //more //symptomatic //and //require //surgery
Causes: /
/acute /
/injuries /
/related /
/to /
/falls /
/on /
/outstretched /
/arm /
/or //to //pulling //on //the //shoulder, //chronic //repetitive //injuries //with //overhead //movements //and
//lifting
Signs /
/and /
/symptoms: /
/weakness /
/noted /
/with //light //resistance, //pain //with //overhead //movement, //night //pain, //open //can //test, //resisted
//shoulder //external //rotation, //lift-off //or //belly //press, //positive //Neer //and //Hawkins //test
Diagnostics: //
x/
/ray /
/of /
/AP /
623
/ /
FINAL
/ /
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
/ // // // //
What /
/is /
/the /
/most /
/common //electrolyte //disturbance //in //liver //failure? //That //is //also //seen //in //dialysis //patients
Sodium //- //hyponatremia
What //is //the //standard //medical //management //for //hepatic //encephalopathy?
Lactulose //and //refaximin
What /
/is //the //most //life //threatening //and //therefore //concerning //complication //of //ulcerative //colitis?
Toxic //megacolon
What //scan //is //used //for //diagnostics //of //diverticular //disease?
CT //scan //of //the //LLQ //plane
,What //is //the //neer //impingement //test //for //in //a //shoulder?
The /
/Neer /
/Test /
/(sometimes /
/called /
/Neer's /
/Test) /
/is //
a/
/common /
/test /
/in /
/orthopedic /
/examination /
/of /
/the /
/shoulder. /
/It /
/is /
/used /
/to /
/test /
/for /
/subacromial /
/impingement /
/of /
/rotator /
/cuff /
/tendons. //This //is //also //known //as //Subacromial //Pain //Syndrome //or //Impingement //Syndrome.
Starting //Position
The /
/test /
/is /
/best /
,/performed /
/with /
/the /
/patient /
/in //
a/
/relaxed /
/standing /
/position. /
/The /
/arm /
/to /
/be /
/tested /
/should /
/be //moved //passively //by //the //examiner. //The //patient's //arm //of //the //shoulder //to //be //tested //is
//positioned /
/such //that //the //arm //is //relaxed //at //the //side //of //the //body //and //the //elbow //is //fully //extended.
Test //Movement
From /
/the /
/starting /
/position, /
/the /
/examiner /
/internally /
/rotates /
/the /
/patient's /
/arm /
/and //forcefully //moves //the //arm //through //the //full //range //of //forward //flexion //or //until //reports
//of //pain.
Positive //Test
The /
/Neer /
/test /
, /is /
/considered //positive //if //pain //is //reported //in //the //anterior //- //lateral //aspect //of //the //shoulder.
What //are //the //general //considerations //for //rotator //cuff //tear?
1. //A //common //cause //of //shoulder //impingement //syndrome //after //age //of //40
2. //Difficulty //living //the //arm //with //limited //active //range //of //motion
3. //Weakness //with //resisted //strength //testing //suggests //full-thickness //tears
4. //Tears //can //occur //following //trauma //or //can //be //degenerative
5. //Usually //more //symptomatic //and //require //surgery
Causes: /
/acute /
/injuries /
/related /
/to /
/falls /
/on /
/outstretched /
/arm /
/or //to //pulling //on //the //shoulder, //chronic //repetitive //injuries //with //overhead //movements //and
//lifting
Signs /
/and /
/symptoms: /
/weakness /
/noted /
/with //light //resistance, //pain //with //overhead //movement, //night //pain, //open //can //test, //resisted
//shoulder //external //rotation, //lift-off //or //belly //press, //positive //Neer //and //Hawkins //test
Diagnostics: //
x/
/ray /
/of /
/AP /
