ANP 652 FINAL STUDY GUIDE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND DETAILED ANSWERS.
EXPERT VERIFIED FOR GUARANTEED
PASS.
Characteristics and Symptoms of Dementia - ANS Cognitive: mental decline, confusion in the
evening hours, disorientation, inability to speak or understand language, making things up,
mental confusion, or inability to recognize common things
Behavioral: irritability, personality changes, restlessness, lack of restraint, or wandering and
getting lost
Mood: anxiety, loneliness, mood swings, or nervousness
Psychological: depression, hallucination, or paranoia
Muscular: inability to combine muscle movements or unsteady walking
Also common: memory loss, falling, jumbled speech, or sleep disorder
Pathophysiology of Dementia - ANS Dementia is caused by damage to or loss of nerve cells
and their connections in the brain. Depending on the area of the brain that's damaged,
dementia can affect people differently and cause different symptoms.
Dementias are often grouped by what they have in common, such as the protein or proteins
deposited in the brain or the part of the brain that's affected. Some diseases look like
dementias, such as those caused by a reaction to medications or vitamin deficiencies, and they
might improve with treatment.
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,What is a focal seizure? - ANS Occurs in one part of the brain, child will remain conscious,
may verbalize during the seizure
Triad of Parkinson's Disease - ANS resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia
AIDS dementia complex - ANS the mental disorder resulting from an attack by HIV on the
brain and nerves
Dementia Screening Tools - ANS MMSE
MOCA
SLUMS
Mini-Cog
Sinusitis treatment - ANS Decongestant, acetaminophen, fluids, rest, antibiotics
Broad-spectrum antibiotics for bacterial infection
Antifungals and/or surgery for fungal infection
Symptoms of Acute Angle Glaucoma - ANS sudden occular pain, seeing halos around light,
red eye
Giant Cell Ateritis - ANS an inflammation of the arteries in and around the scalp. unknown
cause.
Diagnosed by biopsy of the temporal artery.
SXS: HA, jaw pain, vision loss, fever, and fatigue.
TX: Prompt tx w/steroids to prevent permanent vision loss. NSAIDS.
Complications: irreversible vission loss
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, Temporal arteritis - ANS a form of vasculitis that can cause headaches, visual impairment,
jaw pain, and other symptoms
Trigeminal Neuralgia - ANS characterized by severe lightning-like pain due to an
inflammation of the fifth cranial nerve
Measurement of Jugular Oxygen Saturation - ANS Normal jugular venous oxygen saturation
(SJVO2) ranges between 60 and 90%. A decline to below 50% is considered indicative of
cerebral ischaemia. Spontaneous episodes of desaturation (SJVO2 < 50% for at least 15 min)
were frequent during the acute phase of these insults.
Types of Migraine headaches - ANS Migraines - dysfunction of the brain stem pathways that
normally modulates sensory input. Rise in plasma serotonin dilates the cerebral vessels.
- can be triggered by: menstrual cycle, bright lights, stress, oral contraceptives, certain foods,
fatigue, overuse of certain meds, sleep deprivation
- migraines without aura is the most common type
- its unilateral with moderate pain; may cause photophobia, phonophobia & nausea
Tension-type - steady & constant feeling of pressure that usually begins in the forehead, temple
or back of neck.
- often bandlike or may be described as " a weight on top of my head"
Cluster Headache - severe form of vascular headache.
- Unilateral and come in clusters of 1 to 8 daily
- excruciating pain localized to the eye & orbit, radiating to the facial & temporal regions
- pain accompanied by watery eyes and may have crescendo-decrescendo pattern
- attacks last from 15min to 3 hrs
- pain described as penetrating
Cranial arteritis -
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QUESTIONS AND DETAILED ANSWERS.
EXPERT VERIFIED FOR GUARANTEED
PASS.
Characteristics and Symptoms of Dementia - ANS Cognitive: mental decline, confusion in the
evening hours, disorientation, inability to speak or understand language, making things up,
mental confusion, or inability to recognize common things
Behavioral: irritability, personality changes, restlessness, lack of restraint, or wandering and
getting lost
Mood: anxiety, loneliness, mood swings, or nervousness
Psychological: depression, hallucination, or paranoia
Muscular: inability to combine muscle movements or unsteady walking
Also common: memory loss, falling, jumbled speech, or sleep disorder
Pathophysiology of Dementia - ANS Dementia is caused by damage to or loss of nerve cells
and their connections in the brain. Depending on the area of the brain that's damaged,
dementia can affect people differently and cause different symptoms.
Dementias are often grouped by what they have in common, such as the protein or proteins
deposited in the brain or the part of the brain that's affected. Some diseases look like
dementias, such as those caused by a reaction to medications or vitamin deficiencies, and they
might improve with treatment.
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,What is a focal seizure? - ANS Occurs in one part of the brain, child will remain conscious,
may verbalize during the seizure
Triad of Parkinson's Disease - ANS resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia
AIDS dementia complex - ANS the mental disorder resulting from an attack by HIV on the
brain and nerves
Dementia Screening Tools - ANS MMSE
MOCA
SLUMS
Mini-Cog
Sinusitis treatment - ANS Decongestant, acetaminophen, fluids, rest, antibiotics
Broad-spectrum antibiotics for bacterial infection
Antifungals and/or surgery for fungal infection
Symptoms of Acute Angle Glaucoma - ANS sudden occular pain, seeing halos around light,
red eye
Giant Cell Ateritis - ANS an inflammation of the arteries in and around the scalp. unknown
cause.
Diagnosed by biopsy of the temporal artery.
SXS: HA, jaw pain, vision loss, fever, and fatigue.
TX: Prompt tx w/steroids to prevent permanent vision loss. NSAIDS.
Complications: irreversible vission loss
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, Temporal arteritis - ANS a form of vasculitis that can cause headaches, visual impairment,
jaw pain, and other symptoms
Trigeminal Neuralgia - ANS characterized by severe lightning-like pain due to an
inflammation of the fifth cranial nerve
Measurement of Jugular Oxygen Saturation - ANS Normal jugular venous oxygen saturation
(SJVO2) ranges between 60 and 90%. A decline to below 50% is considered indicative of
cerebral ischaemia. Spontaneous episodes of desaturation (SJVO2 < 50% for at least 15 min)
were frequent during the acute phase of these insults.
Types of Migraine headaches - ANS Migraines - dysfunction of the brain stem pathways that
normally modulates sensory input. Rise in plasma serotonin dilates the cerebral vessels.
- can be triggered by: menstrual cycle, bright lights, stress, oral contraceptives, certain foods,
fatigue, overuse of certain meds, sleep deprivation
- migraines without aura is the most common type
- its unilateral with moderate pain; may cause photophobia, phonophobia & nausea
Tension-type - steady & constant feeling of pressure that usually begins in the forehead, temple
or back of neck.
- often bandlike or may be described as " a weight on top of my head"
Cluster Headache - severe form of vascular headache.
- Unilateral and come in clusters of 1 to 8 daily
- excruciating pain localized to the eye & orbit, radiating to the facial & temporal regions
- pain accompanied by watery eyes and may have crescendo-decrescendo pattern
- attacks last from 15min to 3 hrs
- pain described as penetrating
Cranial arteritis -
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
