//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Nursing /
201
/ /
Final
/ /
Exam Med Surg Questions With Correct Answers
/ // // // // // //
DM //Type //1
“Juvenile //onset” //or //“insulin //dependent”
Peak //onset //between //ages //11 //and //13
Risk //Factors: //Family //history/Genetic, //Autoimmune, //Viral, //Environmental //triggers
Management: /
/Insulin, /
/nutrition /
/(variety /
/of //food, //count //carbs), //patient //education/self //management, //detect/prevent //complications
DM //Type //2
More //common //in //adults //than //juveniles
Most //prevalent //type //of //diabetes
,//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Risk /
/Factors: /
/Body /
/mass /
/index //
>/
/26, /
/Obesity //(Most //powerful //risk //factor), //Genetic //mutations //that //Lead //to //insulin //resistance
Management: /
/Diet, //exercise, //if //needed //medication //(start //with //oral //hypoglycemics), //glucose //monitoring
Hypoglycemia //(↓ //blood //sugar) //S/s
Diaphoresis //(sweating), //shaky/nervousness, //confusion, //weakness, //hunger, //fainting, //N/V
Prevention //of //diabetes //complications
A1C //in //goal-
tight /
/glucose /
/control /
/prevents //damage //to //body //(Normal //A1C<5.7 //w/o //diabetes //typical //goal //<7 //w/ //diabetes)
Routine //screening //(very //important): //
DM //Eye //(Retinopathy): //Done //asap //after //dx //then //yearly
Foot //Care //and //DM //Foot //evaluation //by //provider //(Neuropathy/poor //circulation)
,//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
DKA-Diabetic //Ketoacidosis
Most /
/likely /
/occurs /
/in /
/type //
1/
/DM: /
/NOT /
/ENOUGH //INSULIN //so //body //goes //into //ketoacidosis //(breaking //down //fat, //protein //byproduct
//= //ketones)
Hyperglycemia //(greater //than //250)
Ketosis
Acidosis //(Blood //pH //below //7.30)
Dehydration
DKA //Treatment
Correct //fluid //and //electrolyte //imbalance
IV //infusion //0.45% //or //0.9% //NaCl
, //////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Potassium //replacement
Sodium //bicarbonate
Insulin //therapy //AFTER //fluid //resuscitation
HHNS-Hyperglycemic //Hyperosmolar //Non-Ketotic //Syndrome
Often /
/occurs /
/with //Type //2 //DM //in //patients //over //60 //years: //ENOUGH //INSULIN //to //prevent //ketoacidosis
Hyperglycemia //(Very //high, //can //be //greater //than //600)
Severe //Dehydration
HHNS //Treatment
Replace //Fluids //and //bring //down //blood //glucose
IV //infusion //0.45% //or //0.9% //NaCl
Insulin
Nursing /
201
/ /
Final
/ /
Exam Med Surg Questions With Correct Answers
/ // // // // // //
DM //Type //1
“Juvenile //onset” //or //“insulin //dependent”
Peak //onset //between //ages //11 //and //13
Risk //Factors: //Family //history/Genetic, //Autoimmune, //Viral, //Environmental //triggers
Management: /
/Insulin, /
/nutrition /
/(variety /
/of //food, //count //carbs), //patient //education/self //management, //detect/prevent //complications
DM //Type //2
More //common //in //adults //than //juveniles
Most //prevalent //type //of //diabetes
,//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Risk /
/Factors: /
/Body /
/mass /
/index //
>/
/26, /
/Obesity //(Most //powerful //risk //factor), //Genetic //mutations //that //Lead //to //insulin //resistance
Management: /
/Diet, //exercise, //if //needed //medication //(start //with //oral //hypoglycemics), //glucose //monitoring
Hypoglycemia //(↓ //blood //sugar) //S/s
Diaphoresis //(sweating), //shaky/nervousness, //confusion, //weakness, //hunger, //fainting, //N/V
Prevention //of //diabetes //complications
A1C //in //goal-
tight /
/glucose /
/control /
/prevents //damage //to //body //(Normal //A1C<5.7 //w/o //diabetes //typical //goal //<7 //w/ //diabetes)
Routine //screening //(very //important): //
DM //Eye //(Retinopathy): //Done //asap //after //dx //then //yearly
Foot //Care //and //DM //Foot //evaluation //by //provider //(Neuropathy/poor //circulation)
,//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
DKA-Diabetic //Ketoacidosis
Most /
/likely /
/occurs /
/in /
/type //
1/
/DM: /
/NOT /
/ENOUGH //INSULIN //so //body //goes //into //ketoacidosis //(breaking //down //fat, //protein //byproduct
//= //ketones)
Hyperglycemia //(greater //than //250)
Ketosis
Acidosis //(Blood //pH //below //7.30)
Dehydration
DKA //Treatment
Correct //fluid //and //electrolyte //imbalance
IV //infusion //0.45% //or //0.9% //NaCl
, //////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Potassium //replacement
Sodium //bicarbonate
Insulin //therapy //AFTER //fluid //resuscitation
HHNS-Hyperglycemic //Hyperosmolar //Non-Ketotic //Syndrome
Often /
/occurs /
/with //Type //2 //DM //in //patients //over //60 //years: //ENOUGH //INSULIN //to //prevent //ketoacidosis
Hyperglycemia //(Very //high, //can //be //greater //than //600)
Severe //Dehydration
HHNS //Treatment
Replace //Fluids //and //bring //down //blood //glucose
IV //infusion //0.45% //or //0.9% //NaCl
Insulin
