,Chapter 1—Molecular Reasons
b b
MULTIPLE CHOICE b
1. Which of these is the best definition of matter?
b b b b b b b b
a. The pull of gravity on an object.
b b b b b b
b. Anything that has weight and volume. b b b b b
c. Anything that has mass and occupies space. b b b b b b
d. Anything that is directly proportional to weight. b b b b b b
e. The measure of the amount of space an object occupies.
b b b b b b b b b
ANS: C PTS: 1
b b b
2. Which of these statements is correct?
b b b b b
a. The amount of carbon on earth is essentially constant.
b b b b b b b b
b. The amount of carbon on earth fluctuates with the seasons.
b b b b b b b b b
c. The amount of carbon on earth is increasing due to plant and animal growth.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
d. The amount of carbon on earth is decreasing due to consumption of carbon based fuels.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
e. Both B and C are correct. b b b b b
ANS: A PTS: 1
b b b
3. The French chemist Antoine Lavoisier found that the weight of objects before burning and the
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
weight of the products after burning were equal. He concluded that the total weight did not change
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
during a process. Which of these best describes Lavoisier's conclusion?
b b b b b b b b b b
a. From observation, Lavoisier created a scientific law.
b b b b b b
b. From observation, Lavoisier created a scientific theory.
b b b b b b
c. From scientific law, Lavoisier created a scientific theory.
b b b b b b b
d. From experimentation, Lavoisier created a scientific law.
b b b b b b
e. From observation, Lavoisier created a scientific conclusion.
b b b b b b
ANS: A PTS: 1
b b b
4. When using the scientific method, before experiments are done a
b b b b b b b b b b should be b
established.
b
a. hypothesis
b. law
c. theory
d. conclusion
ANS: A PTS: 1
b b b
5. A statement which summarizes the data obtained from a series of observations is known as a(n)
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
.
a. observation
b. Law
c. theory
d. conclusion
e. experiment
ANS: B b PTS: b b 1
Test Bank b Chemistry in Focus, 5e b b b 1
, 6. Which of these is not part of the scientific method?
b b b b b b b b b
a. observation
b. law
c. theory
d. conclusion
e. experiment
ANS: D b PTS: 1 b b
7. Which of these is the best definition of a scientific theory?
b b b b b b b b b b
a. A prediction based on a limited number of observations.
b b b b b b b b
b. A method of explaining observations that appears contradictory.
b b b b b b b
c. A broadly applicable generalization with virtually no exceptions.
b b b b b b b
d. A method for approaching problems that is used by all scientists.
b b b b b b b b b b
e. A tentative model that describes the underlying cause of a physical behavior.
b b b b b b b b b b b
ANS: E b PTS: 1 b b
8. Which of these is the best definition of a scientific law?
b b b b b b b b b b
a. A prediction based on a limited number of observations.
b b b b b b b b
b. A method of explaining observations that appear contradictory.
b b b b b b b
c. A broadly applicable generalization with virtually no exceptions.
b b b b b b b
d. A method for approaching problems that is used by all scientists.
b b b b b b b b b b
e. A rule made by scientists to ensure consistency in their observations.
b b b b b b b b b b
ANS: C b PTS: 1 b b
9. A(n) b is an explanation of a scientific observation.
b b b b b b
a. law
b. theory
c. conclusion
d. prediction
e. epiphany
ANS: B b PTS: 1 b b
10. Which of these is not a requirement of a scientifically acceptable theory?
b b b b b b b b b b b
a. Good predictive power of the theory.
b b b b b
b. Proven by additional experimentation.
b b b
c. Sound reasoning for a particular observation.
b b b b b
d. Easily revised to accommodate new observations
b b b b b
e. Provides model of behavior consistent with other widely accepted theories.
b b b b b b b b b
ANS: B b PTS: 1 b b
11. Which of these statements about the scientific method is incorrect?
b b b b b b b b b
a. It is not a group of absolute truths.
b b b b b b b
b. It uses experiments that are reproducible
b b b b b
c. It is used for testing claims about the natural world.
b b b b b b b b b
d. It requires one to propose a theory and perform experiments to give results which confirm
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
or disclaim the theory.
b b b b
e. All of these are correct statements.
b b b b b
ANS: E
b b PTS: 1 b
Test Bank
b Chemistry in Focus, 5e b b b 2
, 12. To explain natural phenomena scientists must
b b b b b b .
a. have an opinion. b b
b. make observations. b
c. guess correctly most of the time.
b b b b b
d. agree with existing theories.
b b b
ANS: B b PTS: 1 b b
13. Which scientist first theorized that matter was ultimately composed of small indivisible
b b b b b b b b b b b
particles called atoms?
b b b
a. Dalton
b. Lavoisier
c. Empedocles
d. Plato
e. Democritus
ANS: E b PTS: 1 b b
14. The historical predecessor to chemistry is known as
b b b b b b b b .
a. alchemy
b. pre-chemistry
c. biology
d. biochemistry
e. physical science b
ANS: A b PTS: 1 b b
15. Which of these contributions did Alchemists of the Middle Ages make to modern science?
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
a. sun centered universe and metallurgy
b b b b
b. metallurgy and development of scientific techniques b b b b b
c. scientific method and the Law of Conservation of Mass
b b b b b b b b
d. Law of Conservation of Matter and The First Atomic Theory
b b b b b b b b b
e. Law of Conservation of Mass and the Law of Constant Composition
b b b b b b b b b b
ANS: B b PTS: b b 1
16. Thales believed that
b b b is the principle element of all things.
b b b b b b
a. earth
b. air
c. fire
d. water
e. gold
ANS: D b PTS: 1 b b
17. Which scientist is incorrectly matched with his idea or theory?
b b b b b b b b b
scientist theory
I. Copernicus a sun centered universe
b b b
II. Dalton Atomic Theory b
III. Galileo a sun centered universe
b b b
IV. Vesalius Matter is composed of small indivisible particles.
b b b b b b
V. Boyle The simplest form of a substance is an element.
b b b b b b b b
Test Bank b Chemistry in Focus, 5e b b b 3
b b
MULTIPLE CHOICE b
1. Which of these is the best definition of matter?
b b b b b b b b
a. The pull of gravity on an object.
b b b b b b
b. Anything that has weight and volume. b b b b b
c. Anything that has mass and occupies space. b b b b b b
d. Anything that is directly proportional to weight. b b b b b b
e. The measure of the amount of space an object occupies.
b b b b b b b b b
ANS: C PTS: 1
b b b
2. Which of these statements is correct?
b b b b b
a. The amount of carbon on earth is essentially constant.
b b b b b b b b
b. The amount of carbon on earth fluctuates with the seasons.
b b b b b b b b b
c. The amount of carbon on earth is increasing due to plant and animal growth.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
d. The amount of carbon on earth is decreasing due to consumption of carbon based fuels.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
e. Both B and C are correct. b b b b b
ANS: A PTS: 1
b b b
3. The French chemist Antoine Lavoisier found that the weight of objects before burning and the
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
weight of the products after burning were equal. He concluded that the total weight did not change
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
during a process. Which of these best describes Lavoisier's conclusion?
b b b b b b b b b b
a. From observation, Lavoisier created a scientific law.
b b b b b b
b. From observation, Lavoisier created a scientific theory.
b b b b b b
c. From scientific law, Lavoisier created a scientific theory.
b b b b b b b
d. From experimentation, Lavoisier created a scientific law.
b b b b b b
e. From observation, Lavoisier created a scientific conclusion.
b b b b b b
ANS: A PTS: 1
b b b
4. When using the scientific method, before experiments are done a
b b b b b b b b b b should be b
established.
b
a. hypothesis
b. law
c. theory
d. conclusion
ANS: A PTS: 1
b b b
5. A statement which summarizes the data obtained from a series of observations is known as a(n)
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
.
a. observation
b. Law
c. theory
d. conclusion
e. experiment
ANS: B b PTS: b b 1
Test Bank b Chemistry in Focus, 5e b b b 1
, 6. Which of these is not part of the scientific method?
b b b b b b b b b
a. observation
b. law
c. theory
d. conclusion
e. experiment
ANS: D b PTS: 1 b b
7. Which of these is the best definition of a scientific theory?
b b b b b b b b b b
a. A prediction based on a limited number of observations.
b b b b b b b b
b. A method of explaining observations that appears contradictory.
b b b b b b b
c. A broadly applicable generalization with virtually no exceptions.
b b b b b b b
d. A method for approaching problems that is used by all scientists.
b b b b b b b b b b
e. A tentative model that describes the underlying cause of a physical behavior.
b b b b b b b b b b b
ANS: E b PTS: 1 b b
8. Which of these is the best definition of a scientific law?
b b b b b b b b b b
a. A prediction based on a limited number of observations.
b b b b b b b b
b. A method of explaining observations that appear contradictory.
b b b b b b b
c. A broadly applicable generalization with virtually no exceptions.
b b b b b b b
d. A method for approaching problems that is used by all scientists.
b b b b b b b b b b
e. A rule made by scientists to ensure consistency in their observations.
b b b b b b b b b b
ANS: C b PTS: 1 b b
9. A(n) b is an explanation of a scientific observation.
b b b b b b
a. law
b. theory
c. conclusion
d. prediction
e. epiphany
ANS: B b PTS: 1 b b
10. Which of these is not a requirement of a scientifically acceptable theory?
b b b b b b b b b b b
a. Good predictive power of the theory.
b b b b b
b. Proven by additional experimentation.
b b b
c. Sound reasoning for a particular observation.
b b b b b
d. Easily revised to accommodate new observations
b b b b b
e. Provides model of behavior consistent with other widely accepted theories.
b b b b b b b b b
ANS: B b PTS: 1 b b
11. Which of these statements about the scientific method is incorrect?
b b b b b b b b b
a. It is not a group of absolute truths.
b b b b b b b
b. It uses experiments that are reproducible
b b b b b
c. It is used for testing claims about the natural world.
b b b b b b b b b
d. It requires one to propose a theory and perform experiments to give results which confirm
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
or disclaim the theory.
b b b b
e. All of these are correct statements.
b b b b b
ANS: E
b b PTS: 1 b
Test Bank
b Chemistry in Focus, 5e b b b 2
, 12. To explain natural phenomena scientists must
b b b b b b .
a. have an opinion. b b
b. make observations. b
c. guess correctly most of the time.
b b b b b
d. agree with existing theories.
b b b
ANS: B b PTS: 1 b b
13. Which scientist first theorized that matter was ultimately composed of small indivisible
b b b b b b b b b b b
particles called atoms?
b b b
a. Dalton
b. Lavoisier
c. Empedocles
d. Plato
e. Democritus
ANS: E b PTS: 1 b b
14. The historical predecessor to chemistry is known as
b b b b b b b b .
a. alchemy
b. pre-chemistry
c. biology
d. biochemistry
e. physical science b
ANS: A b PTS: 1 b b
15. Which of these contributions did Alchemists of the Middle Ages make to modern science?
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
a. sun centered universe and metallurgy
b b b b
b. metallurgy and development of scientific techniques b b b b b
c. scientific method and the Law of Conservation of Mass
b b b b b b b b
d. Law of Conservation of Matter and The First Atomic Theory
b b b b b b b b b
e. Law of Conservation of Mass and the Law of Constant Composition
b b b b b b b b b b
ANS: B b PTS: b b 1
16. Thales believed that
b b b is the principle element of all things.
b b b b b b
a. earth
b. air
c. fire
d. water
e. gold
ANS: D b PTS: 1 b b
17. Which scientist is incorrectly matched with his idea or theory?
b b b b b b b b b
scientist theory
I. Copernicus a sun centered universe
b b b
II. Dalton Atomic Theory b
III. Galileo a sun centered universe
b b b
IV. Vesalius Matter is composed of small indivisible particles.
b b b b b b
V. Boyle The simplest form of a substance is an element.
b b b b b b b b
Test Bank b Chemistry in Focus, 5e b b b 3
