Cogsci 1 – Questions With Real Solutions
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Terms in this set (225)
One's ability to perceive the relationship of objects
Spatial relations
to each other and to oneself in space
Neurons Nerve cells of which the brain is composed
Synapse Links between neurons
Interpretation or understanding of sensory
Perception
experiences
Anatomy The structure of the body
Physiology Life processes and functions
1. The brain is the sole organ of the mind
2. The basic character and intellectual traits of
Gall's Principles people are innately determined
3. Structures in the brain differ according to their
function
He focused on the language function of the brain
Paul Broca (1824-1880) and found speech to be localized in left frontal lobe
(Broca's area)
Aphasia Language loss
Lesion An area of damage
Cortical functions Activities of the outer layer of the brain's gray matter
Cortex The brain's outer layer
Hermann Helmholtz He found that reactions are not instantaneous
(1821-1894)
Looking inside one's own experience, attending to,
Introspection
and becoming conscious of one's own mental states
, - Stimulating certain areas of the cortex with
Wilder Penfield (1891- electricity can evoke specific motor effects
1976) - The brain has no sense receptors, so patients do
not feel pain
- Opened the first psychology research laboratory
Wilhem Wundt (1832- - Performed experiments on introspection
1920) - A mental representation exists for a speaker before
he/she forms a sentence
- Conducted experiments on memory
Hermann Ebbinghaus - Studied the relationship between repetitions and
(1850-1909) forgetting, the forgetting rate over time, and the
strength of forward and backward associations
Stream of consciousness The process of one thought leading to another
The belief that knowledge is derived from our
Empiricism senses and our reflection on the sensations they
yield
1. Ability to adapt to the environment in daily life
Sternberg's Triarchic 2. Ability to deal with novel tasks and situational
Theory of Intelligence demands
3. Performance of tasks
Mental imagery Images present only to the mind's eye
Linguistic, musical, logical, spatial, bodily-
Gardner's Set of
kinesthetic, intrapersonal, interpersonal, naturalistic,
Intelligences
existential, and moral intelligence
Least noticeable The smallest amount of change in sensory
difference perception that a person can notice
Sir Francis Galton (1822- He conducted tests to try to measure sensory
1911) discrimination
William James (1842-1910) Published THE PRINCIPLES OF PSYCHOLOGY
He designed more elaborate tests to measure
James McKeen Cattell
sensory differences in order to infer differences in
(1860-1944)
intelligence
, - The scientific interdisciplinary study of the mind
Cognitive science - Uses the scientific method and other
methodologies
What does CRUM stand Computational Representational Understanding of
for? Mind
- Thinking can best be understood in terms of
representational structures in the mind and
computational procedures that operate on those
structures
What is CRUM's - Concepts: schemas
approach? - Propositions: declarative knowledge
- Rules: procedural knowledge
- Analogies: reasoning, problem solving, decision
making
- Images: visual imagery
1. Comprehension of the target problem
2. Remembering a similar source problem for which
Four stages of analogical a solution is already known
reasoning 3. The source and target are compared and mapped
4. The source problem is adapted to produce a
solution to the target problem
Functions can be transferable to other areas of the
Plasticity
brain not used for those functions
Phantom limb As experienced by amputees, extreme or chronic
phenomenon pain in a limb that is no longer there
The outer layer of the brain that directs motor and
Cerebral cortex
cognitive functions
Afferent nerve fibers that connect the central
Peripheral nervous
nervous system to the rest of the body and carry
system
signals from the senses to the brain
Central nervous system Consists of the brain and spinal cord
Soma Cell body of a neuron
Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to
Dendrites
receive information
Save
Terms in this set (225)
One's ability to perceive the relationship of objects
Spatial relations
to each other and to oneself in space
Neurons Nerve cells of which the brain is composed
Synapse Links between neurons
Interpretation or understanding of sensory
Perception
experiences
Anatomy The structure of the body
Physiology Life processes and functions
1. The brain is the sole organ of the mind
2. The basic character and intellectual traits of
Gall's Principles people are innately determined
3. Structures in the brain differ according to their
function
He focused on the language function of the brain
Paul Broca (1824-1880) and found speech to be localized in left frontal lobe
(Broca's area)
Aphasia Language loss
Lesion An area of damage
Cortical functions Activities of the outer layer of the brain's gray matter
Cortex The brain's outer layer
Hermann Helmholtz He found that reactions are not instantaneous
(1821-1894)
Looking inside one's own experience, attending to,
Introspection
and becoming conscious of one's own mental states
, - Stimulating certain areas of the cortex with
Wilder Penfield (1891- electricity can evoke specific motor effects
1976) - The brain has no sense receptors, so patients do
not feel pain
- Opened the first psychology research laboratory
Wilhem Wundt (1832- - Performed experiments on introspection
1920) - A mental representation exists for a speaker before
he/she forms a sentence
- Conducted experiments on memory
Hermann Ebbinghaus - Studied the relationship between repetitions and
(1850-1909) forgetting, the forgetting rate over time, and the
strength of forward and backward associations
Stream of consciousness The process of one thought leading to another
The belief that knowledge is derived from our
Empiricism senses and our reflection on the sensations they
yield
1. Ability to adapt to the environment in daily life
Sternberg's Triarchic 2. Ability to deal with novel tasks and situational
Theory of Intelligence demands
3. Performance of tasks
Mental imagery Images present only to the mind's eye
Linguistic, musical, logical, spatial, bodily-
Gardner's Set of
kinesthetic, intrapersonal, interpersonal, naturalistic,
Intelligences
existential, and moral intelligence
Least noticeable The smallest amount of change in sensory
difference perception that a person can notice
Sir Francis Galton (1822- He conducted tests to try to measure sensory
1911) discrimination
William James (1842-1910) Published THE PRINCIPLES OF PSYCHOLOGY
He designed more elaborate tests to measure
James McKeen Cattell
sensory differences in order to infer differences in
(1860-1944)
intelligence
, - The scientific interdisciplinary study of the mind
Cognitive science - Uses the scientific method and other
methodologies
What does CRUM stand Computational Representational Understanding of
for? Mind
- Thinking can best be understood in terms of
representational structures in the mind and
computational procedures that operate on those
structures
What is CRUM's - Concepts: schemas
approach? - Propositions: declarative knowledge
- Rules: procedural knowledge
- Analogies: reasoning, problem solving, decision
making
- Images: visual imagery
1. Comprehension of the target problem
2. Remembering a similar source problem for which
Four stages of analogical a solution is already known
reasoning 3. The source and target are compared and mapped
4. The source problem is adapted to produce a
solution to the target problem
Functions can be transferable to other areas of the
Plasticity
brain not used for those functions
Phantom limb As experienced by amputees, extreme or chronic
phenomenon pain in a limb that is no longer there
The outer layer of the brain that directs motor and
Cerebral cortex
cognitive functions
Afferent nerve fibers that connect the central
Peripheral nervous
nervous system to the rest of the body and carry
system
signals from the senses to the brain
Central nervous system Consists of the brain and spinal cord
Soma Cell body of a neuron
Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to
Dendrites
receive information
