,Chapter 1: Theory Based Perspectives and Contemporary Dynamics
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Arnold: Interpersonal Relationships, 8th Edition
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MULTIPLE CHOICE w
1. When describing nursing to a group of nursing students, the nursing instructor lists all of
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
wthe following characteristics of nursing except
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a. historically nursing is as old as mankind. w w w w w w
b. nursing was originally practiced informally by religious orders dedicated to care
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of the sick.
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c. nursing was later practiced in the home by female caregivers with no
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formal education.
w w
d. nursing has always been identifiable as a distinct occupation.
w w w w w w w w
ANS: A w
Historically, nursing is as old as mankind. Originally practiced informally by religious orders
w w w w w w w w w w w w
w dedicated to care of the sick and later in the home by female caregivers with no formal
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
w education, nursing was not identifiable as a distinct occupation until the 1854 Crimean
w w w w w w w w w w w w
w war. There, Florence Nightingale’s Notes on Nursing introduced the world to the
w w w w w w w w w w w
w functional roles of professional nursing and the need for formal education.
w w w w w w w w w w
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension w w REF: w p. 1 w
w TOP: w Step of the Nursing Process: All phases
w w w w w w
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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2. The nursing profession’s first nurse researcher, who served as an early advocate for
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high-quality care and used statistical data to document the need for handwashing in
w w w w w w w w w w w w
wpreventing infection, was w w
a. Abraham Maslow. w
b. Martha Rogers. w
c. Hildegard Peplau. w
d. Florence Nightingale. w
ANS: D w
An early advocate for high-quality care, Florence Nightingale’s use of statistical data to
w w w w w w w w w w w w
w document the need for handwashing in preventing infection marks her as the profession’s
w w w w w w w w w w w w
w first nurse researcher.
w w
, DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
w w REF: w p. 1
w
w TOP: w Step of the Nursing Process: All phases
w w w w w w
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
w w w w w
3. Today, professional nursing education begins at the
w w w w w w
a. undergraduate level. w
b. graduate level. w
c. advanced practice level. w w
d. administrative level. w
ANS: A w
, Today, professional nursing education begins at the undergraduate level, with a growing
w w w w w w w w w w w
w number of nurses choosing graduate studies to support differentiated practice roles
w w w w w w w w w w
wand/or research opportunities. Nurses are prepared to function as advanced practice
w w w w w w w w w w
w nurse practitioners, administrators, and educators.
w w w w
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension w w REF: w p. 2 w
w TOP: w Step of the Nursing Process: All phases
w w w w w w
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
w w w w w
4. Nursing’s metaparadigm, or worldview, distinguishes the nursing profession from other
w w w w w w w w w
w disciplines and emphasizes its unique functional characteristics. The four key concepts
w w w w w w w w w w
wthat form the foundation for all nursing theories are
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a. caring, compassion, health promotion, and education.
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b. respect, integrity, honesty, and advocacy. w w w w
c. person, environment, health, and nursing.
w w w w
d. nursing, teaching, caring, and health promotion.
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ANS: C w
Individual nursing theories represent different interpretations of the phenomenon of
w w w w w w w w w
wnursing, but central constructs—person, environment, health, and nursing—are found in
w w w w w w w w w
w all theories and models. They are referred to as nursing’s metaparadigm.
w w w w w w w w w w
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge w w REF: w p. 2 w
w TOP: w Step of the Nursing Process: All phases
w w w w w w
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
w w w w w
5. When admitting a client to the medical-surgical unit, the nurse asks the client about cultural
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
issues. The nurse is demonstrating use of the concept of
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a. person.
b. environment.
c. health.
d. nursing.
ANS: B w
The concept of environment includes all cultural, developmental, and social determinants
w w w w w w w w w w
w that influence a client’s health perceptions and behavior. A person is defined as the
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
w w w w w w w
Arnold: Interpersonal Relationships, 8th Edition
w w w w w
MULTIPLE CHOICE w
1. When describing nursing to a group of nursing students, the nursing instructor lists all of
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
wthe following characteristics of nursing except
w w w w w
a. historically nursing is as old as mankind. w w w w w w
b. nursing was originally practiced informally by religious orders dedicated to care
w w w w w w w w w w
of the sick.
w w w
c. nursing was later practiced in the home by female caregivers with no
w w w w w w w w w w w
formal education.
w w
d. nursing has always been identifiable as a distinct occupation.
w w w w w w w w
ANS: A w
Historically, nursing is as old as mankind. Originally practiced informally by religious orders
w w w w w w w w w w w w
w dedicated to care of the sick and later in the home by female caregivers with no formal
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
w education, nursing was not identifiable as a distinct occupation until the 1854 Crimean
w w w w w w w w w w w w
w war. There, Florence Nightingale’s Notes on Nursing introduced the world to the
w w w w w w w w w w w
w functional roles of professional nursing and the need for formal education.
w w w w w w w w w w
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension w w REF: w p. 1 w
w TOP: w Step of the Nursing Process: All phases
w w w w w w
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
w w w w
2. The nursing profession’s first nurse researcher, who served as an early advocate for
w w w w w w w w w w w w
high-quality care and used statistical data to document the need for handwashing in
w w w w w w w w w w w w
wpreventing infection, was w w
a. Abraham Maslow. w
b. Martha Rogers. w
c. Hildegard Peplau. w
d. Florence Nightingale. w
ANS: D w
An early advocate for high-quality care, Florence Nightingale’s use of statistical data to
w w w w w w w w w w w w
w document the need for handwashing in preventing infection marks her as the profession’s
w w w w w w w w w w w w
w first nurse researcher.
w w
, DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
w w REF: w p. 1
w
w TOP: w Step of the Nursing Process: All phases
w w w w w w
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
w w w w w
3. Today, professional nursing education begins at the
w w w w w w
a. undergraduate level. w
b. graduate level. w
c. advanced practice level. w w
d. administrative level. w
ANS: A w
, Today, professional nursing education begins at the undergraduate level, with a growing
w w w w w w w w w w w
w number of nurses choosing graduate studies to support differentiated practice roles
w w w w w w w w w w
wand/or research opportunities. Nurses are prepared to function as advanced practice
w w w w w w w w w w
w nurse practitioners, administrators, and educators.
w w w w
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension w w REF: w p. 2 w
w TOP: w Step of the Nursing Process: All phases
w w w w w w
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
w w w w w
4. Nursing’s metaparadigm, or worldview, distinguishes the nursing profession from other
w w w w w w w w w
w disciplines and emphasizes its unique functional characteristics. The four key concepts
w w w w w w w w w w
wthat form the foundation for all nursing theories are
w w w w w w w w
a. caring, compassion, health promotion, and education.
w w w w w
b. respect, integrity, honesty, and advocacy. w w w w
c. person, environment, health, and nursing.
w w w w
d. nursing, teaching, caring, and health promotion.
w w w w w
ANS: C w
Individual nursing theories represent different interpretations of the phenomenon of
w w w w w w w w w
wnursing, but central constructs—person, environment, health, and nursing—are found in
w w w w w w w w w
w all theories and models. They are referred to as nursing’s metaparadigm.
w w w w w w w w w w
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge w w REF: w p. 2 w
w TOP: w Step of the Nursing Process: All phases
w w w w w w
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
w w w w w
5. When admitting a client to the medical-surgical unit, the nurse asks the client about cultural
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
issues. The nurse is demonstrating use of the concept of
w w w w w w w w w
a. person.
b. environment.
c. health.
d. nursing.
ANS: B w
The concept of environment includes all cultural, developmental, and social determinants
w w w w w w w w w w
w that influence a client’s health perceptions and behavior. A person is defined as the
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
