1|Page
NUR 631 PATHO FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2025/2026 ACTUAL EXAM
WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(100% VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+| ||PROFESSOR
VERIFIED||
What is the mechanism that results in type II hypersensitivity
reactions?
a. antibodies coat mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its
degranulation, followed by a discharge of preformed mediators
b. antibodies bind to soluble antigens that were released into
body fluids, and the immune complexes are then deposited in the
tissues.
c. cytotoxic T lymphocytes or lymphokine-producing helper T 1
cells directly attack and destroy cellular targets
d. Antibodies bind to the antigens on the cell surface - ANSWER-
ANS: D
The mechanism that results in a type II hypersensitivity reaction
begins with antibody binding to tissue-specific antigens or
antigens that have attached to particular tissues. The cell can be
destroyed by antibody IgG or IgM and activation of the
complement cascade through the classical pathway.
,2|Page
Which form of cancer is linked to congenital malformation
syndromes?
a. Wilms tumor
b. Retinoblastoma
c. Osteosarcoma
d. Rhabdomyosarcoma - ANSWER-ANS: A
Wilms tumors are linked with other genetically linked childhood
cancers. It is the only form among the available options that is
associated with congenital malformation syndromes.
What factor associated with gluten-sensitive enteropathy (celiac
sprue) causes an infant to bruise and bleed easily?
a. vitamin K deficiency from fat malabsorption
b. Bone marrow function depression
c. Iron, folate, and B12 deficiency anemias
d. Prescribed daily warfarin (Coumadin) - ANSWER-ANS: A
Deficiencies of fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamin K) are
common in children with gluten-sensitive enteropathy. Vitamin K
malabsorption leads to hypoprothrombinemia, causing the child to
bruise and bleed easily. This selection is the only option that
,3|Page
accurately describes the mechanism that causes bruising and
bleeding in children diagnosed with celiac sprue.
What distinguishes kwashiorkor from marasmus?
a. All nutrients, proteins, fats, and carbohydrates are reduced in
kwashiorkor
b. Physical growth of children is stunted in kwashiorkor but not in
marasmus
c. Muscle wasting, diarrhea, low hemoglobin, and infection
characterize kwashiorkor
d. Subcutaneous fat, hepatomegaly, and fatty liver are present in
kwashiorkor. - ANSWER-ANS: D
The presence of subcutaneous fat, hepatomegaly, and fatty liver
distinguishes kwashiorkor from marasmus. These manifestations
are missing in marasmus because caloric intake is not sufficient
to support fat synthesis and storage. None of the other options
accurately describes the differences among these conditions.
Which clinical manifestations of a urinary tract infection may be
demonstrated in an 85-year-old individual?
, 4|Page
a. confusion and poorly localized abdominal discomfort
b. dysuria, frequency, and suprapubic pain
c. heamturia and flank pain
d. pyuria, urgency, and frequency - ANSWER-ANS: A
Older adults with cystitis may demonstrate confusion or vague
abdominal discomfort or otherwise be asymptomatic.
With which medical diagnosis is meconium ileus often
associated?
a. muscular dystrophy
b. cerebral palsy
c. cystic fibrosis
d. congenital aganglionic megacolon - ANSWER-ANS: C
The detection of albumin in meconium has been used as a
screening test for cystic fibrosis. This condition is not associated
with any of the other options.
Which hormone is required for water to be reabsorbed in the
distal tubule and collecting duct?
NUR 631 PATHO FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2025/2026 ACTUAL EXAM
WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(100% VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+| ||PROFESSOR
VERIFIED||
What is the mechanism that results in type II hypersensitivity
reactions?
a. antibodies coat mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its
degranulation, followed by a discharge of preformed mediators
b. antibodies bind to soluble antigens that were released into
body fluids, and the immune complexes are then deposited in the
tissues.
c. cytotoxic T lymphocytes or lymphokine-producing helper T 1
cells directly attack and destroy cellular targets
d. Antibodies bind to the antigens on the cell surface - ANSWER-
ANS: D
The mechanism that results in a type II hypersensitivity reaction
begins with antibody binding to tissue-specific antigens or
antigens that have attached to particular tissues. The cell can be
destroyed by antibody IgG or IgM and activation of the
complement cascade through the classical pathway.
,2|Page
Which form of cancer is linked to congenital malformation
syndromes?
a. Wilms tumor
b. Retinoblastoma
c. Osteosarcoma
d. Rhabdomyosarcoma - ANSWER-ANS: A
Wilms tumors are linked with other genetically linked childhood
cancers. It is the only form among the available options that is
associated with congenital malformation syndromes.
What factor associated with gluten-sensitive enteropathy (celiac
sprue) causes an infant to bruise and bleed easily?
a. vitamin K deficiency from fat malabsorption
b. Bone marrow function depression
c. Iron, folate, and B12 deficiency anemias
d. Prescribed daily warfarin (Coumadin) - ANSWER-ANS: A
Deficiencies of fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamin K) are
common in children with gluten-sensitive enteropathy. Vitamin K
malabsorption leads to hypoprothrombinemia, causing the child to
bruise and bleed easily. This selection is the only option that
,3|Page
accurately describes the mechanism that causes bruising and
bleeding in children diagnosed with celiac sprue.
What distinguishes kwashiorkor from marasmus?
a. All nutrients, proteins, fats, and carbohydrates are reduced in
kwashiorkor
b. Physical growth of children is stunted in kwashiorkor but not in
marasmus
c. Muscle wasting, diarrhea, low hemoglobin, and infection
characterize kwashiorkor
d. Subcutaneous fat, hepatomegaly, and fatty liver are present in
kwashiorkor. - ANSWER-ANS: D
The presence of subcutaneous fat, hepatomegaly, and fatty liver
distinguishes kwashiorkor from marasmus. These manifestations
are missing in marasmus because caloric intake is not sufficient
to support fat synthesis and storage. None of the other options
accurately describes the differences among these conditions.
Which clinical manifestations of a urinary tract infection may be
demonstrated in an 85-year-old individual?
, 4|Page
a. confusion and poorly localized abdominal discomfort
b. dysuria, frequency, and suprapubic pain
c. heamturia and flank pain
d. pyuria, urgency, and frequency - ANSWER-ANS: A
Older adults with cystitis may demonstrate confusion or vague
abdominal discomfort or otherwise be asymptomatic.
With which medical diagnosis is meconium ileus often
associated?
a. muscular dystrophy
b. cerebral palsy
c. cystic fibrosis
d. congenital aganglionic megacolon - ANSWER-ANS: C
The detection of albumin in meconium has been used as a
screening test for cystic fibrosis. This condition is not associated
with any of the other options.
Which hormone is required for water to be reabsorbed in the
distal tubule and collecting duct?
