Apologetics Test 1-Dr. Cook- BJU (Questions and answers) Verified 100% Correct

Apologetics Test 1-Dr. Cook- BJU (Questions and answers) Verified 100% Correct Anselm's Ontological Argument - ANSWER -1. God is the greatest conceivable being 2. The GCB necessarily includes the attribute of existence 3. God exists Descartes' Ontological Argument - ANSWER -1. I have a distinct mental impression of God- an infinite all perfect being 2. This impression does not derive from sensory input 3. My impression must have a sufficient cause 4. God alone is a sufficient cause for my impression 5. God exists Should we employ ontological argument? - ANSWER -Confusing Does demonstrate that atheists are dismissive of the wrong God Cosmology - ANSWER -Branch of philosophy that investigates the origin and processes of existing things, the study of cause and effect relationships with a view to determining ultimate causes Contingency - ANSWER -An event that may or may not occur; an event whose occurrence is dependent on factors outside itself T/F cosmological arguments concern the question of the universe's origin - ANSWER -True T/F cosmological arguments assume the universes contingency - ANSWER -True Thomas Aquila's cosmological arguments - ANSWER -The argument from motion, the argument from an efficient cause, the argument from possibility and necessity Leibniz Cosmological Argument - ANSWER -Argument from sufficient reason: why something rather than nothing? Nothing happens without a sufficient reason, the reason for the universe must lie outside the universe Kalam Cosmological Argument - ANSWER -Whatever begins to exist has a cause; the universe began to exist; therefore, the universe has a cause; claims that an infinite series of finite events can't exist in time Thomas Aquinas argument from perfection - ANSWER -We have an innate scale of beauty of goodness, god is the ontological source of our standard of perfection Calvin's presuppositional argument - ANSWER -We can't comprehend ourselves except as gods creatures, religion is instinctive to humans oriented either toward god as an act of worship or away from god as an act of rebellion, men inevitably recognize god in calamity Pascal's Wager Argument - ANSWER -Wagering for the existence of God risks finite loss for infinite gain Watering for the nonexistence of god risks infinite loss for finite gain T/F moral arguments attempt to prescribe moral norms - ANSWER -False! They argue that moral norms can't be prescribed without appealing to a divine lawgiver Basic Moral Argument - ANSWER -Moral obligation is a universal human phenomenon This obligation derived from either god or nature Natural causes can't explain the origin of morality Therefore universal moral obligation points to god as the author of morality Teleology - ANSWER -from the Greek word telos, meaning "end," goal or purpose, belief that nature in its totality and parts is purposeful designed to accomplish some end. Study of evidence of design in nature William Paley's Teleological Argument - ANSWER -Watchmaker Michael Behes teleological argument - ANSWER -Irreducible complexity, puts Darwin on witness stand and introduces irreducible complexity, demonstrates that scholarly literature from biological community has not demonstrated the evolution of complex design Bill Dembskis teleological argument - ANSWER -Specified complexity= high improbability + an identifiable pattern, information is specified complexity C.S. Lewis case for Theism - ANSWER -1. Argument from desire- inbuilt craving for joy drives us to God cause nature defeats our efforts to find joy 2. Argument from time- men believe time passes too quickly, our sense of eternity can't stem from nature but from God 3. Argument from numinous fear- men instinctively fear the existence of an unseen divinity 4. Argument from Tao (morality)- moral standards are remarkably similar across civilizations, our universal sense of morals points to a shared personal source Ptolemy - Geocentric Theory - ANSWER -- Theory that the sun and the planets revolve around the earth Copernicus' heliocentric theory - ANSWER -- Theory that planets, including the earth, revolve around the sun Newtonian model universal gravitation - ANSWER -Why in a finite universe in which everything is attracted to everything else does the universe not collapse Steady State Theory - ANSWER -the universe has always existed and always will, in the state it is in now Vesto Melvin Slipher - ANSWER -Galactic red shift Edwin Hubble/Hubble's Law - ANSWER -The farther away a galaxy is the faster it moves Albert Einstein and general relativity - ANSWER -Objects traveling at the same speed over the same amount of time can travel different distances T/F the Big Bang grew logically from the assumption that an expanding universe can be traced back to a beginning- a singularity - ANSWER -True T/F scientists were initially hostile to Big Bang - ANSWER -True Three crucial problems with Big Bang - ANSWER -1. Where did it come from 2. Violates known scientific laws( requires lots of energy) 3. Statistically impossible for a singularity to generate an ordered cosmos In the beginning....if not god then what? - ANSWER -1. Nothing created the