BCH 367 Exam 1 Review Questions with Verified Solutions Latest 2025
All biomolecules can be divided into just ________ main categories - Answers four
Over _______ of the human body is made up of H, O, C, and N - Answers 99%
Proteins Structure - Answers linear polymer that folds into 3D structure
Monomers of proteins - Answers Amino Acids
Polymer bonds in protein - Answers Peptide bond
Major functions of proteins - Answers Signals, receptors, strucutre, mobility, defense, catalysis,
etc.
Nucleic acids structure - Answers Linear polymer that forms predictable base pairs
Monomers of nucleic acids - Answers nucleotides
Name of polymer bond in nucleic acids - Answers Phosphodiester bond
Major functions of nucleic acids - Answers Information storage and transfer
Lipids Structure - Answers Dual chemical character with hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions
# of Monomers in Proteins - Answers 20
# of Monomers in Nucleic Acids - Answers 4
Major Functions of Lipids - Answers Fuel storage, signaling, and barriers
Carbohydrates Structure - Answers Diverse structures, can form branched polymers
Monomers in carbohydrates - Answers Monosaccharides
# of monomers in carbohydrates - Answers MANY
Major functions of carbohydrates - Answers Fuel, cell identification, cell-to-cell interaction sites
Central dogma - Answers describes the basic principles of biological information transfer &
specifies the process through which we go from genetic information of DNA to the proteins that
perform so many cellular functions
Information Flow in Central Dogma - Answers Dna -> (transcription) RNA -> (translation) Protein
In replication.... - Answers Input Biomolecule = DNA ; Output Biomolecule = DNA ; Enzyme = DNA
Polymerase
In transcription... - Answers Input Biomolecule = DNA ; Output Biomolecule = RNA ; Enzyme =
, RNA Polymerase
In translation... - Answers Input Biomolecule = RNA ; Output Biomolecule = Protein ; Enzyme =
Ribosome
# of membranes in nucleus - Answers two
Fucntion of nucleus - Answers The information center that holds the DNA of the organism ;
Nuclear pores enable transport in and out
# of membrances in Mitochondria - Answers two
Function of Mitochondria - Answers Energy production centers that produce ATP through
respiration
# of membranes in chloroplasts - Answers two
Function of Chloroplasts - Answers Photosynthesis centers that convert light to chemical
energy ; Only in plants and algae
# of membranes in SER (smooth endoplasmic reticulum) - Answers one
Function of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - Answers Membraous sack used for processing
exogenous chemicals ; Smooth, no ribosomes
# of membranes in RER (Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum) - Answers one
Function of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - Answers ER where proteins destined for cellular
membrances or for secretion are synthesized ; Rough due to ribosomes
# of membranes in Golgi Complex - Answers one
Function of Golgi Complex - Answers Stacked membranes involved in protein sorting and
preparation of secretory granules
# of membranes in Secretory Granules - Answers one
Function of Secretory Granules - Answers Carry protein cargo destined for secretion
# of membranes in Endosomes - Answers one
Function of Endosomes - Answers Carry external chemicals into the cell
# of membranes in Lysosomes - Answers one
Function of Lysosomes - Answers Contain digestive enzymes for processing external chemicals
and damaged organelles
# of membranes in Vacuoles - Answers one
All biomolecules can be divided into just ________ main categories - Answers four
Over _______ of the human body is made up of H, O, C, and N - Answers 99%
Proteins Structure - Answers linear polymer that folds into 3D structure
Monomers of proteins - Answers Amino Acids
Polymer bonds in protein - Answers Peptide bond
Major functions of proteins - Answers Signals, receptors, strucutre, mobility, defense, catalysis,
etc.
Nucleic acids structure - Answers Linear polymer that forms predictable base pairs
Monomers of nucleic acids - Answers nucleotides
Name of polymer bond in nucleic acids - Answers Phosphodiester bond
Major functions of nucleic acids - Answers Information storage and transfer
Lipids Structure - Answers Dual chemical character with hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions
# of Monomers in Proteins - Answers 20
# of Monomers in Nucleic Acids - Answers 4
Major Functions of Lipids - Answers Fuel storage, signaling, and barriers
Carbohydrates Structure - Answers Diverse structures, can form branched polymers
Monomers in carbohydrates - Answers Monosaccharides
# of monomers in carbohydrates - Answers MANY
Major functions of carbohydrates - Answers Fuel, cell identification, cell-to-cell interaction sites
Central dogma - Answers describes the basic principles of biological information transfer &
specifies the process through which we go from genetic information of DNA to the proteins that
perform so many cellular functions
Information Flow in Central Dogma - Answers Dna -> (transcription) RNA -> (translation) Protein
In replication.... - Answers Input Biomolecule = DNA ; Output Biomolecule = DNA ; Enzyme = DNA
Polymerase
In transcription... - Answers Input Biomolecule = DNA ; Output Biomolecule = RNA ; Enzyme =
, RNA Polymerase
In translation... - Answers Input Biomolecule = RNA ; Output Biomolecule = Protein ; Enzyme =
Ribosome
# of membranes in nucleus - Answers two
Fucntion of nucleus - Answers The information center that holds the DNA of the organism ;
Nuclear pores enable transport in and out
# of membrances in Mitochondria - Answers two
Function of Mitochondria - Answers Energy production centers that produce ATP through
respiration
# of membranes in chloroplasts - Answers two
Function of Chloroplasts - Answers Photosynthesis centers that convert light to chemical
energy ; Only in plants and algae
# of membranes in SER (smooth endoplasmic reticulum) - Answers one
Function of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - Answers Membraous sack used for processing
exogenous chemicals ; Smooth, no ribosomes
# of membranes in RER (Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum) - Answers one
Function of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - Answers ER where proteins destined for cellular
membrances or for secretion are synthesized ; Rough due to ribosomes
# of membranes in Golgi Complex - Answers one
Function of Golgi Complex - Answers Stacked membranes involved in protein sorting and
preparation of secretory granules
# of membranes in Secretory Granules - Answers one
Function of Secretory Granules - Answers Carry protein cargo destined for secretion
# of membranes in Endosomes - Answers one
Function of Endosomes - Answers Carry external chemicals into the cell
# of membranes in Lysosomes - Answers one
Function of Lysosomes - Answers Contain digestive enzymes for processing external chemicals
and damaged organelles
# of membranes in Vacuoles - Answers one
