CSD 523 Final Test Questions with Verified Solutions Latest

CSD 523 Final Test Questions with Verified Solutions Latest What is a speech sound disorder? - Answers most common communication disorder shown by children What are other names for speech sound disorders? - Answers phonological disorders and articulation disorders How may severity of speech sound disorders differ person to person? - Answers can range from speech that is completely unintelligible to speech that only has a few mispronounced words At what age should children have all of their speech sounds? - Answers 6-7 years old What is the most common speech sound disorder on a SLPs caseload? - Answers speech sound disorder What must SLPs be able to describe regarding speech sound disorders? - Answers be able to describe the child's ability to: 1. produce speech sounds clearly 2. perceive speech sounds accurately 3. combine speech sounds into words Which treatment approach did E.W. Scripture recommend? - Answers specific treatment for "negligent lisping" (now known as stopping of fricatives) What was Lee Edward Travis' contribution to the field? - Answers contributions in speech sound disorders and fluency disorders; treatment programs: organic vs. functional What was Grant Fairbanks contribution to the field? - Answers wrote Voice and Articulation Drillbook (manual for treating voice and speech disorders) What therapy approach did Charles Van Riper establish? - Answers traditional approach What assessment did Mildred Templin publish? How did Mildred Templin change the approach to treatments for misarticulation? - Answers published Certain Language Skills in Children and Templin-Darley Tests of Articulation What is the difference between auditory, acoustic, and articulatory phonetics? - Answers auditory phonetics: perception of sounds acoustic phonetics: transmission of sounds articulatory phonetics: production of sounds What is the mental representation of a sound? - Answers phoneme What are the actual sounds you speak (also the smallest units of speech)? - Answers morpheme What is an allophone? How are allophones different from errored speech sounds? - Answers non-distinctive unit; a phoneme with more than one variant (e.g., dialects, accents) What is orthography? - Answers written language How many vowel and consonant symbols are there in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)? - Answers Vowels: 18 Consonants:24 Total:42 Why was the IPA created? How are IPA consonants classified? - Answers contains symbols to transcribe the consonants and vowels produced by a speaker of any of the world's languages; organized by: 1. place of articulation 2. manner of articulation 3. consonant voicing Who are diacritics used for? What is the diacritic symbol for "dental"? - Answers voiced vs. voiceless, aspirated, nasalized, lateral release, etc. ;ex. t (t̪) What is the difference between phonetic transcription and phonetic repertoire? - Answers phonetic transcription: abstract representation of a speaker's articulatory knowledge phonetic repertoire: inventory of the phones produced by a speaker What systems and anatomical structures are included in the speech production system? - Answers systems: respiratory system, phonatory system, articulatory system anatomical structures: lips, teeth, palate (alveolar ridge, hard palate, soft palate/velum), nasal cavity, tongue, nasopharynx, pharyngeal cavity, oral cavity, lungs, diaphragm, rib cage, larynx, trachea How many resonating cavities are there in the articulatory system? What are they? - Answers 3; pharyngeal cavity, oral cavity, nasal cavity Which articulators are moveable? Which are fixed? - Answers moveable: tongue, jaw, lips, soft palate (velum) fixed: teeth, alveolar ridge, hard palate How are consonants classified? Describe the different places of articulation. Describe the different manners of articulation. Describe which consonants are voiced. - Answers characterized by constriction in the oral and/or pharyngeal cavities places of articulation: bilabial, labiodental, lengua-dental, lingua-alveolar, lingua-palatal, lingua-velar, glottal manners of articulation: stops/plosives, fricatives, affricates, glides, nasals, liquids voiced consonants: /b/, /m/, /w/, /v/, /l/, /n/, /d/, /z/, /r/, /g/, /sz/, /ng/, /th/ What must happen in the vocal tract for a nasal to be produced correctly (e.g., /m/ as in "Mike")? - Answers lowering of velum and allowing air to escape through nasal cavity rather than oral cavity What is the most sophisticated and coordinated activity performed by humans? - Answers speech What characterizes vowels as opposed to consonants? - Answers Vowels are classified by tongue elevation and advancement; consonants are classified by place, manner, and voicing How are vowels classified? - Answers Vowels are classified by tongue elevation (high, mid, low) and tongue advancement (front, central back) What is tongue elevation? - Answers the distance that the tongue is moved from the base of the mouth Which vowels are classified as 'high'? - Answers /i/, /I/, /u/, /horseshoe/ Which vowel is a high-back vowel? - Answers /u/,/ʊ/ Which vowel is categorized as mid-back? - Answers /o/ How does an infant's speech perception abilities change throughout the first year of life? - Answers as infant: able to hear all possible human consonants and vowels (approx. 600 consonants and 200 vowels) 1 year: environment shapes speech perception to fit a specific language When does a fetus start to (1) hear, (2) become sensitive to sounds, and (3) respond to voices & sounds? - Answers hear: 18 weeks become sensitive to sounds: 24 weeks respond to voices & sounds: 25-26 weeks What is categorical perception? When does it develop? - Answers the ability to divide the speech stream into individual sounds; develops at birth What are the different stages of speech production within the first year of life (i.e., before words are produced)? At what age do they occur? - Answers 0-2 months: reflexive vocalizations 2-4 months: cooing