NURS 6501 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+ 2025
ACTH deficiency
a condition characterized by decreased or absent production of adrenocorticotropic
hormone (ACTH) by the pituitary gland, resulting in a reduction in the secretion of
adrenal hormones and subsequent weight loss, lack of appetite, weakness, nausea,
vomiting, and low blood pressure.
Actinic keratosis
a condition in which a premalignant small, reddish, rough spot appears on skin
chronically exposed to the sun.
Absolute polycythemia
excessive red blood cell production; a physiologic response resulting from
increased erythropoietin secretion in response to chronic hypoxia or as a symptom
of polycythemia vera.
Absorption atelectasis
see Atelectasis.
,Acid maltase deficiency (glycogen storage disease type II or Pompe disease)
an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that damages muscle and nerve cells
throughout the body by an accumulation of glycogen in the lysosome attributable
to deficiency of the lysosomal acid a-glucosidase enzyme. The buildup of glycogen
causes progressive muscle weakness (myopathy) throughout the body and affects
various body tissues, particularly in the heart, skeletal muscles, liver, and nervous
system.
Acne
a common skin disease characterized by pimples on the face, chest, and back. It
occurs when the pores of the skin become clogged with oil, dead skin cells, and
bacteria.
Acne conglobata
severe cystic acne characterized by cystic lesions, abscesses, communicating
sinuses, and thickened, nodular scars; usually does not affect the face.
Acne rosacea
a chronic form of dermatitis of the face in which the middle portion of the face
appears red with small red lines caused by dilation of capillaries.
Acne vulgaris
an inflammatory eruption of the sebaceous follicles usually occurring on the face,
upper back, and chest that consists of blackheads, cysts, papules, and pustules.
, Noninflammatory acne
open comedones caused by the enlargement and dilation of a plug resulting from
the accumulation of oil and dead skin cells inside the hair follicle and by closed
comedones that form if the hair follicle pore remains closed; they appear as a tiny,
sometimes pink bump in the skin.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
see Immune deficiency.
Acquired sideroblastic anemia
see Anemia.
Acute chest syndrome
a syndrome occurring in association with sickle cell disease defined by a new
infiltrate on chest radiograph; associated with one or more new symptoms: fever,
cough, sputum production, dyspnea, or hypoxia. It occurs most commonly in the 2-
to 4-year-old age group and declines in incidence with age.
Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie syndrome)
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+ 2025
ACTH deficiency
a condition characterized by decreased or absent production of adrenocorticotropic
hormone (ACTH) by the pituitary gland, resulting in a reduction in the secretion of
adrenal hormones and subsequent weight loss, lack of appetite, weakness, nausea,
vomiting, and low blood pressure.
Actinic keratosis
a condition in which a premalignant small, reddish, rough spot appears on skin
chronically exposed to the sun.
Absolute polycythemia
excessive red blood cell production; a physiologic response resulting from
increased erythropoietin secretion in response to chronic hypoxia or as a symptom
of polycythemia vera.
Absorption atelectasis
see Atelectasis.
,Acid maltase deficiency (glycogen storage disease type II or Pompe disease)
an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that damages muscle and nerve cells
throughout the body by an accumulation of glycogen in the lysosome attributable
to deficiency of the lysosomal acid a-glucosidase enzyme. The buildup of glycogen
causes progressive muscle weakness (myopathy) throughout the body and affects
various body tissues, particularly in the heart, skeletal muscles, liver, and nervous
system.
Acne
a common skin disease characterized by pimples on the face, chest, and back. It
occurs when the pores of the skin become clogged with oil, dead skin cells, and
bacteria.
Acne conglobata
severe cystic acne characterized by cystic lesions, abscesses, communicating
sinuses, and thickened, nodular scars; usually does not affect the face.
Acne rosacea
a chronic form of dermatitis of the face in which the middle portion of the face
appears red with small red lines caused by dilation of capillaries.
Acne vulgaris
an inflammatory eruption of the sebaceous follicles usually occurring on the face,
upper back, and chest that consists of blackheads, cysts, papules, and pustules.
, Noninflammatory acne
open comedones caused by the enlargement and dilation of a plug resulting from
the accumulation of oil and dead skin cells inside the hair follicle and by closed
comedones that form if the hair follicle pore remains closed; they appear as a tiny,
sometimes pink bump in the skin.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
see Immune deficiency.
Acquired sideroblastic anemia
see Anemia.
Acute chest syndrome
a syndrome occurring in association with sickle cell disease defined by a new
infiltrate on chest radiograph; associated with one or more new symptoms: fever,
cough, sputum production, dyspnea, or hypoxia. It occurs most commonly in the 2-
to 4-year-old age group and declines in incidence with age.
Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie syndrome)
