ESTUDYR
VB EXAM 2 2025 MULTICHOICE ANSWERED EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED RATIONALES
A generalized conditioned reinforcer is best defined as:
A. A reinforcer that only works for one specific response.
B. A stimulus that precedes a single specific reinforcer.
C. ✅An event that has been paired with many different reinforcers and can thus reinforce
many responses.
D. A primary (unconditioned) reinforcer like food or water.
Rationale: Generalized conditioned reinforcers (e.g., money, tokens) acquire value via
association with multiple reinforcers.
In verbal behavior, generalized conditioned reinforcement often:
A. Makes verbal responses solely dependent on motivating operations.
B. Eliminates discriminative stimulus control.
C. ✅Makes a verbal response less dependent on current motivation and more under stimulus
control.
D. Is irrelevant to listener behavior.
Rationale: Generalized reinforcers support verbal responses across varied MOs, increasing
stimulus control.
Echoic behavior is:
A. Any vocalization that occurs after a long delay.
B. ✅Vocal behavior under SD control of a vocal verbal stimulus with point-to-point
correspondence.
C. Written transcription of speech.
D. Vocal behavior maintained by automatic reinforcement only.
Rationale: Echoics reproduce auditory stimuli immediately with formal correspondence.
Which of the following does NOT count as echoic behavior?
A. Repeating a word immediately after hearing it.
B. Imitating a short phrase right after hearing it.
C. ✅Repeating a phrase you heard yesterday (no immediate SD).
D. Mimicking a sound right after it occurs.
Rationale: Echoic requires the vocal stimulus to immediately precede the response.
,ESTUDYR
An advantage of echoic training is that it:
A. Prevents any further language learning.
B. ✅Short-circuits shaping by evoking new responses on which other reinforcement can build.
C. Only produces permanent verbal repertoires.
D. Always produces covert speech.
Rationale: Echoics allow quick production of new vocal units for subsequent reinforcement.
Automatic reinforcement (in verbal behavior) refers to:
A. Reinforcement delivered only by other people.
B. ✅Behavior that is self-reinforcing because it produces sensory consequences similar to
those associated with reinforcement.
C. Reinforcement via tokens only.
D. External social praise.
Rationale: Automatic reinforcement occurs when the behavior itself produces reinforcing
stimulation.
Textual behavior is:
A. Reading aloud only.
B. ✅A vocal response controlled by a nonauditory (written) verbal stimulus.
C. Nonverbal pointing.
D. Hearing words and repeating them.
Rationale: Textual involves reading written stimuli and emitting corresponding vocal behavior.
What typically reinforces textual behavior?
A. Only primary reinforcers.
B. ✅Social/educational approval and other social or economic consequences (and sometimes
self-reinforcement).
C. Automatic sensory feedback alone.
D. Verbal stimuli that immediately follow.
Rationale: Textual behavior is often maintained by social contingencies and access to
outcomes.
Taking dictation (transcription) is:
A. Writing in response to a written stimulus.
B. ✅Producing a written response under control of a vocal verbal stimulus with point-to-point
correspondence.
C. A tact.
D. An intraverbal.
Rationale: Dictation maps vocal stimulus to written response (codic), maintained by
conditioned reinforcement.
, ESTUDYR
Copying text from a printed page is:
A. An echoic response.
B. ✅A written response controlled by a printed verbal stimulus with formal correspondence
(duplic).
C. An intraverbal.
D. A tact.
Rationale: Both stimulus and response are in the same modality (visual–written), showing
formal similarity.
Intraverbal behavior is:
A. Echoing exactly what was said.
B. ✅Verbal responses under control of prior verbal stimuli without point-to-point
correspondence.
C. Nonverbal signing.
D. Textual responding.
Rationale: Intraverbals involve conversational exchanges (e.g., answering questions) without
formal correspondence.
Point-to-point correspondence refers to:
A. Identical reinforcement schedules.
B. ✅When parts/subdivisions of the stimulus map onto parts/subdivisions of the response.
C. Temporal latency only.
D. Matching law proportions.
Rationale: Example: each letter in a spoken word corresponds to a letter in a written
transcription.
Formal correspondence requires that stimulus and response:
A. Be in different sense modes.
B. ✅Be in same sense mode and physically resemble each other.
C. Occur at different times only.
D. Always be vocal.
Rationale: Example: spoken word and recorded audio share formal properties.
Codic behavior is characterized by:
A. Point-to-point correspondence and formal similarity.
B. ✅Point-to-point correspondence but NO formal similarity between stimulus and response
product.
C. No correspondence and no similarity.
D. Only intraverbal chains.
VB EXAM 2 2025 MULTICHOICE ANSWERED EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED RATIONALES
A generalized conditioned reinforcer is best defined as:
A. A reinforcer that only works for one specific response.
B. A stimulus that precedes a single specific reinforcer.
C. ✅An event that has been paired with many different reinforcers and can thus reinforce
many responses.
D. A primary (unconditioned) reinforcer like food or water.
Rationale: Generalized conditioned reinforcers (e.g., money, tokens) acquire value via
association with multiple reinforcers.
In verbal behavior, generalized conditioned reinforcement often:
A. Makes verbal responses solely dependent on motivating operations.
B. Eliminates discriminative stimulus control.
C. ✅Makes a verbal response less dependent on current motivation and more under stimulus
control.
D. Is irrelevant to listener behavior.
Rationale: Generalized reinforcers support verbal responses across varied MOs, increasing
stimulus control.
Echoic behavior is:
A. Any vocalization that occurs after a long delay.
B. ✅Vocal behavior under SD control of a vocal verbal stimulus with point-to-point
correspondence.
C. Written transcription of speech.
D. Vocal behavior maintained by automatic reinforcement only.
Rationale: Echoics reproduce auditory stimuli immediately with formal correspondence.
Which of the following does NOT count as echoic behavior?
A. Repeating a word immediately after hearing it.
B. Imitating a short phrase right after hearing it.
C. ✅Repeating a phrase you heard yesterday (no immediate SD).
D. Mimicking a sound right after it occurs.
Rationale: Echoic requires the vocal stimulus to immediately precede the response.
,ESTUDYR
An advantage of echoic training is that it:
A. Prevents any further language learning.
B. ✅Short-circuits shaping by evoking new responses on which other reinforcement can build.
C. Only produces permanent verbal repertoires.
D. Always produces covert speech.
Rationale: Echoics allow quick production of new vocal units for subsequent reinforcement.
Automatic reinforcement (in verbal behavior) refers to:
A. Reinforcement delivered only by other people.
B. ✅Behavior that is self-reinforcing because it produces sensory consequences similar to
those associated with reinforcement.
C. Reinforcement via tokens only.
D. External social praise.
Rationale: Automatic reinforcement occurs when the behavior itself produces reinforcing
stimulation.
Textual behavior is:
A. Reading aloud only.
B. ✅A vocal response controlled by a nonauditory (written) verbal stimulus.
C. Nonverbal pointing.
D. Hearing words and repeating them.
Rationale: Textual involves reading written stimuli and emitting corresponding vocal behavior.
What typically reinforces textual behavior?
A. Only primary reinforcers.
B. ✅Social/educational approval and other social or economic consequences (and sometimes
self-reinforcement).
C. Automatic sensory feedback alone.
D. Verbal stimuli that immediately follow.
Rationale: Textual behavior is often maintained by social contingencies and access to
outcomes.
Taking dictation (transcription) is:
A. Writing in response to a written stimulus.
B. ✅Producing a written response under control of a vocal verbal stimulus with point-to-point
correspondence.
C. A tact.
D. An intraverbal.
Rationale: Dictation maps vocal stimulus to written response (codic), maintained by
conditioned reinforcement.
, ESTUDYR
Copying text from a printed page is:
A. An echoic response.
B. ✅A written response controlled by a printed verbal stimulus with formal correspondence
(duplic).
C. An intraverbal.
D. A tact.
Rationale: Both stimulus and response are in the same modality (visual–written), showing
formal similarity.
Intraverbal behavior is:
A. Echoing exactly what was said.
B. ✅Verbal responses under control of prior verbal stimuli without point-to-point
correspondence.
C. Nonverbal signing.
D. Textual responding.
Rationale: Intraverbals involve conversational exchanges (e.g., answering questions) without
formal correspondence.
Point-to-point correspondence refers to:
A. Identical reinforcement schedules.
B. ✅When parts/subdivisions of the stimulus map onto parts/subdivisions of the response.
C. Temporal latency only.
D. Matching law proportions.
Rationale: Example: each letter in a spoken word corresponds to a letter in a written
transcription.
Formal correspondence requires that stimulus and response:
A. Be in different sense modes.
B. ✅Be in same sense mode and physically resemble each other.
C. Occur at different times only.
D. Always be vocal.
Rationale: Example: spoken word and recorded audio share formal properties.
Codic behavior is characterized by:
A. Point-to-point correspondence and formal similarity.
B. ✅Point-to-point correspondence but NO formal similarity between stimulus and response
product.
C. No correspondence and no similarity.
D. Only intraverbal chains.
