NRSG 446 Peds Exam 3 NEWEST 2025 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED
A+||BRAND NEW VERSION!!
What components are considered/looked for in a urinalysis (UA)? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Appearance, pH, specific gravity, protein, glucose, ketones, nitrites, leukocyte esterase, RBCs,
WBCs, Bacteria, Micro exam
What are the three components/purposes of a urine culture (UC)? - CORRECT ANSWER- -gram
stain
-aerobic culture
-susceptibility
How can a the results of a urine culture (UC) be applied? - CORRECT ANSWER- Helps determine
which antibiotic(s) would work best to treat the bacteria
What is blood urea nitrogen (BUN) measuring? - CORRECT ANSWER- measuring the
concentration of urea, an end product of protein metabolism in the liver, and measures the
excretory function of kidney
What is the normal BUN range? - CORRECT ANSWER- 3-18 mg/dL
,What is creatinine and what does the test measure? - CORRECT ANSWER- -creatinine is the
end product of protein metabolism in muscle and freely filtered by the glomerulus
-measures renal excretory function
What is the normal range of creatinine? - CORRECT ANSWER- 0.2-1.0 mg/dL
What is a normal urine appearance? - CORRECT ANSWER- mostly clear and yellow
What is the normal pH range for urine? - CORRECT ANSWER- 4.6-8.0 (average 6.0)
What appearance can urine have if there is protein present (proteinuria)? - CORRECT ANSWER-
urine may appear foamy
What is the normal urine specific gravity range? What does specific gravity tell you? - CORRECT
ANSWER- - 1.002-1.030
-tells us if homeostasis is being made; more dehydrated = higher specific gravity
What is leukocyte esterase? - CORRECT ANSWER- An enzyme released by WBCs
What are the 5 main functions of the kidneys? - CORRECT ANSWER- 1.Removal of waste
products
2.Filtering of the blood
3.Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance--sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus
4.Maintaining acid-base balance
5.Releasing Hormones--renin, angiotensin, erythropoietin, and 'active' vitamin D
,What puts pediatric patients at a greater risk of fluid and electrolyte imbalance? - CORRECT
ANSWER- Children have a higher percent of total body water
What are pediatric renal differences (about the kidneys, fluids, electrolytes) compared to adult
patients? - CORRECT ANSWER- -Children have higher percent of total body water = Greater risk
of fluid and electrolyte imbalance
-Require more fluid intake
-Excrete more fluid
-Kidneys are still maturing = Not as efficient at excreting waste products and concentrating
urine
-Higher risk of hypernatremia
Why are young children at higher risk of hypernatremia? - CORRECT ANSWER- Young children
and infants are unable to verbalize being thirsty
Does the presence of WBCs in urine always mean there is a UTI? - CORRECT ANSWER- No,
there is a normal amount (a small amount) of WBCs in the bladder because the immune system
is always on guard. There could also be a nearby infection that is not a UTI, such as a vaginal
infection.
What does the presence of urine nitrates indicate in a urinalysis? - CORRECT ANSWER- -If
positive, consider presence of gram-negative rod bacteria
-May have false negative if urine has not sat in the bladder long enough to convert the
reductase enzyme to convert the nitrate to nitrite (about 4 hours)
What is distinct about urine with glucose in it (glycosuria)? - CORRECT ANSWER- urine may
small sweet or fruity
What is a normal urine RBCs? - CORRECT ANSWER- less than or equal to 2
, What is a normal urine WBCs? - CORRECT ANSWER- 0-4
What is a normal amount of urine casts, crystals, and bacteria? - CORRECT ANSWER- none
What is a urinary tract infection? - CORRECT ANSWER- An infection in any part of the urinary
system, the kidneys, bladder, or urethra.
What is the most common pathogen that causes a UTI? - CORRECT ANSWER- E. coli
When is the peak incidence of UTIs in children? - CORRECT ANSWER- during infancy and during
toilet training
Are UTIs more common in males or females? - CORRECT ANSWER- females --> shorter urethra
What is a cardinal s/sx of a UTI in infants and younger children? - CORRECT ANSWER-
unexplained fever
What are anatomical issues that may put some individuals at higher risk of developing a UTI
(both male and female)? - CORRECT ANSWER- Males:
-uncircumcised
-urethral meatus abnormality
Females:
-labial adhesions
-position of the urethra (such as if pointed or closer to the anus)
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED
A+||BRAND NEW VERSION!!
What components are considered/looked for in a urinalysis (UA)? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Appearance, pH, specific gravity, protein, glucose, ketones, nitrites, leukocyte esterase, RBCs,
WBCs, Bacteria, Micro exam
What are the three components/purposes of a urine culture (UC)? - CORRECT ANSWER- -gram
stain
-aerobic culture
-susceptibility
How can a the results of a urine culture (UC) be applied? - CORRECT ANSWER- Helps determine
which antibiotic(s) would work best to treat the bacteria
What is blood urea nitrogen (BUN) measuring? - CORRECT ANSWER- measuring the
concentration of urea, an end product of protein metabolism in the liver, and measures the
excretory function of kidney
What is the normal BUN range? - CORRECT ANSWER- 3-18 mg/dL
,What is creatinine and what does the test measure? - CORRECT ANSWER- -creatinine is the
end product of protein metabolism in muscle and freely filtered by the glomerulus
-measures renal excretory function
What is the normal range of creatinine? - CORRECT ANSWER- 0.2-1.0 mg/dL
What is a normal urine appearance? - CORRECT ANSWER- mostly clear and yellow
What is the normal pH range for urine? - CORRECT ANSWER- 4.6-8.0 (average 6.0)
What appearance can urine have if there is protein present (proteinuria)? - CORRECT ANSWER-
urine may appear foamy
What is the normal urine specific gravity range? What does specific gravity tell you? - CORRECT
ANSWER- - 1.002-1.030
-tells us if homeostasis is being made; more dehydrated = higher specific gravity
What is leukocyte esterase? - CORRECT ANSWER- An enzyme released by WBCs
What are the 5 main functions of the kidneys? - CORRECT ANSWER- 1.Removal of waste
products
2.Filtering of the blood
3.Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance--sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus
4.Maintaining acid-base balance
5.Releasing Hormones--renin, angiotensin, erythropoietin, and 'active' vitamin D
,What puts pediatric patients at a greater risk of fluid and electrolyte imbalance? - CORRECT
ANSWER- Children have a higher percent of total body water
What are pediatric renal differences (about the kidneys, fluids, electrolytes) compared to adult
patients? - CORRECT ANSWER- -Children have higher percent of total body water = Greater risk
of fluid and electrolyte imbalance
-Require more fluid intake
-Excrete more fluid
-Kidneys are still maturing = Not as efficient at excreting waste products and concentrating
urine
-Higher risk of hypernatremia
Why are young children at higher risk of hypernatremia? - CORRECT ANSWER- Young children
and infants are unable to verbalize being thirsty
Does the presence of WBCs in urine always mean there is a UTI? - CORRECT ANSWER- No,
there is a normal amount (a small amount) of WBCs in the bladder because the immune system
is always on guard. There could also be a nearby infection that is not a UTI, such as a vaginal
infection.
What does the presence of urine nitrates indicate in a urinalysis? - CORRECT ANSWER- -If
positive, consider presence of gram-negative rod bacteria
-May have false negative if urine has not sat in the bladder long enough to convert the
reductase enzyme to convert the nitrate to nitrite (about 4 hours)
What is distinct about urine with glucose in it (glycosuria)? - CORRECT ANSWER- urine may
small sweet or fruity
What is a normal urine RBCs? - CORRECT ANSWER- less than or equal to 2
, What is a normal urine WBCs? - CORRECT ANSWER- 0-4
What is a normal amount of urine casts, crystals, and bacteria? - CORRECT ANSWER- none
What is a urinary tract infection? - CORRECT ANSWER- An infection in any part of the urinary
system, the kidneys, bladder, or urethra.
What is the most common pathogen that causes a UTI? - CORRECT ANSWER- E. coli
When is the peak incidence of UTIs in children? - CORRECT ANSWER- during infancy and during
toilet training
Are UTIs more common in males or females? - CORRECT ANSWER- females --> shorter urethra
What is a cardinal s/sx of a UTI in infants and younger children? - CORRECT ANSWER-
unexplained fever
What are anatomical issues that may put some individuals at higher risk of developing a UTI
(both male and female)? - CORRECT ANSWER- Males:
-uncircumcised
-urethral meatus abnormality
Females:
-labial adhesions
-position of the urethra (such as if pointed or closer to the anus)
